La relation concept-objet autour des définitions de termes : définitions de termes français-anglais

The relationship between concept and object from definitions of terms. Definitions of french and english terms

• Auteur / Autrice : Skora Setti
• Direction : John Humbley
• Type : Thèse de doctorat
• Discipline(s) : Lettres
• Date : Soutenance en 1998
• Etablissement(s) : Paris 13

Mots clés

Mots clés contrôlés

Sémiotique

Philosophie du langage

Anglais (langue)

Terminologie

Français (langue)

Mots clés libres

Semiotique

Résumé

L'examen de la relation concept-objet autour des definitions de termes suppose une reflexion sur la nature de cette relation, reflexion qui se fonde sur l'etude de definitions de termes francais et anglais. Notre these est essentiellement terminologique mais s'ouvre sur la philosophie du langage dont les reflexions valent necessairement pour le francais et l'anglais. Elle s'ouvre egalement sur la semantique lexicale. L'objet est de souligner les apports precieux de ces deux disciplines a la terminologie ainsi que les relations existantes et potentielles. Sur le plan definitoire, notre etude a trait a la mecanique de la rupture et aux domaines connexes. Ainsi, nous tracons un triangle des reflexions de wuster, kant et kleiber. A l'origine, nos travaux sont fondes sur les theories de wuster et de l'ecole de vienne (eviction du sens, univocite du concept situe dans un systeme de concepts, concept exprime par le terme et decrit par la definition), mais les problemes souleves lors de notre conception de definitions, touchant aux fondements memes de cette ecole, remettent en question les theories viennoises. C'est alors que la reflexion de kleiber sur l'expression linguistique hors discours, dotee d'un sens construit, tout comme sa reflexion sur le concept construit, que nous abordons egalement avec kant, s'averent fructueuse. Notre corpus est double. En effet, a l'origine il devait etre constitue du dictionnaire de la mecanique de la rupture. Or, celui-ci n'existant pas, nous avons concu, a partir de textes de langue anglaise ou francaise (source 1), un ensemble de 200 definitions redigees dans les deux langues, soient 400 definitions (source 2), verifiees par des specialistes des domaines dont c. Hunter, de langue maternelle anglaise. L'interaction des domaines a influe sur le nombre de definitions concues. Elles ne sont donc qu'un echantillon. C'est a partir de notre conception de definitions que nous avons elabore la problematique. Le concept est exprime par le terme et explicite par la definition. Le probleme majeur souleve est l'interaction des definitions, c'est-a-dire l'interaction des domaines qui est, a l'origine, une interaction des concepts. Celle-ci est un vecteur de parasynonimie.

The study of the relationship between concept and object based on definitions of terms examines the nature of this relationship by relying on written definitions of french and english terms. This thesis is essentially terminological but touches upon the philosophy of language whose principles naturally apply to french as to english. It also touches upon lexical semantics. The purpose is to emphasize the valuable contributions of both fields to terminology and highlight existing and potential relationships. As regards the issue of definition, the study focuses on fracture mechanics and its related systems. This work shall bring to light either contention or agreement between wuster, kant and kleiber ; in fact, it was originally based on wuster and the vienna school theories (sense regarded as irrelevant, univocity of concept in the system of concepts, concept expressed by term and described by definition). However, the problems raised in the conception of definitions put into question the vienna theories, since they have to do with the basic assumptions of this school in this respect. Kleiber's thinking on the linguistic expression outside of discourse that has a composed sense - and his thinking on the construction of concept, which will be discussed in the light of kant's approach, proves itself to be fruitful. The corpus is double. Indeed the dictionary of fracture mechanics had to be worked upon. However, as there is no such thing as this dictionary, 200 definitions written in french and english were conceived (source number 2) from texts in either of the two languages (source number 1). These were namely 400 definitions, checked by experts in the various domains, among them c. Hunter, a native english speaker. The interaction between domains, has had an influence upon the number of conceived definitions. Therefore they make up only a part of a potential dictionary. The problems encountered and the conclusions formed result from the conception of definitions. Concept is expressed by term and made explicit by definition. The major problem raised is interaction between definitions, that is to say between systems. These are due to an interaction between concepts that leads to parasynonymy.