Thèse en cours

Binaires glactiques avec LISA

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Auteur / Autrice : Christopher Aykroyd
Direction : Christophe Le poncin-lafitte
Type : Projet de thèse
Discipline(s) : Astronomie et Astrophysique
Date : Inscription en doctorat le 01/10/2022
Etablissement(s) : Université Paris sciences et lettres
Ecole(s) doctorale(s) : École doctorale Astronomie et astrophysique d'Île-de-France (Paris ; 1992-....)
Partenaire(s) de recherche : Laboratoire : Département d'astronomie fondamentale de l'Observatoire de Paris (1985-1998)
Equipe de recherche : Théorie et métrologie
établissement opérateur d'inscription : Observatoire de Paris (1667-....)

Mots clés

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Résumé

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With the recent direct detections of Gravitational Waves from merging compact objects by the ground based observatories, the era of Gravitational Wave astronomy has begun. But on Earth, observations are limited to objects with masses a few dozen that of the Sun, which produce high-frequency signals. LISA is a space-borne Gravitational Wave Observatory with an arm-length of 2.5 million km, compared to the few km's of the ground-based observatories. One of LISA's scientific objectives is to study the formation and evolution of galactic binary systems: white dwarfs, but also neutron stars or stellar origin black holes. At present less than 50 ultra-compact binaries are known, of which only two have periods less than 10 minutes. These systems are relatively short-lived and electromagnetically faint, but several known verification binaries are strong enough gravitational wave sources that they will be detected within weeks by LISA. This number of sources is expected to increase significantly as a result of measurements collected by the Gaia mission and LSST. Observations with LISA will detect many ultra-compact binaries beyond the Galactic centre, in the Milky Way's halo and are unaffected by dust obscuration. Then, LISA will provide a quantitative and homogeneous study of their populations and the astrophysics governing their formation. These detections will enable us also to address a number of key questions, for example : How many ultra-compact binaries exist in the Milky Way? What is the merger rate of white dwarfs, neutron stars and stellar Black holes in the Galaxy ? In first approximation, modeling gravitational waves from these objects is quite simple. Indeed, far from the coalescence, these binary systems behave as quasi-monochromatic sources. If these waveforms are relatively simple, one must realize that LISA will detect thousands of sources, which means that the analyzed signal will be a superposition of thousands of quasi-monochromatic sources, which is, in fact, a high level challenge in terms of data analysis. A specific group in the LISA consortium is in charge to study these challenging data analysis problem, namely the LISA Data Challenge (LDC). If LDC scientist already demonstrated the feasibility of LISA data analysis (Cornish & Littenberg 2007), a major effort to develop new methods is still needed. Moreover, in some cases, tidal effects and the magnetic environment of these objects are certainly to be taken into account in the generation of gravitational waves. During the thesis, we want to focus first on the the ability of creating high-fidelity waveforms for gravitational wave sources. Our objective will be to relax the monochromatic approximation for the waveform by taking into account in a correct way tidal and electromagnetic interactions in these systems. Indeed recent studies have demonstrated that both interactions should be taken into account in spiralling binaries (Fuller & Lai 2012; Bourgoin et al., 2021). In particular, the effects of the dynamical tide that is constituted by tidal waves (they can be gravity, inertial or Alfven waves or a combination of them) excited in one of the compact object by its companion should be quantified (McNeill & al. 2019). However, no comprehensive study has been conducted up today to obtain a detailed and global understanding of these phenomena. Moreover, with these effects taken into account, no model of gravitational wave generation exists. This will be the first objective of the thesis. The second objective of the PhD thesis is to develop a well-understood signal simulator of these new waveforms for the LISA mission in order to be able to extract source parameters from the simulated signals. In other words, this part of the thesis will be dedicated to the development of a simulation tool, which will take place in the context of the LDC group of the LISA consortium. References : Bourgoin, Le Poncin-Lafitte, Mathis and Angonin. Dipolar magnetic fields in binaries and gravitational waves. Submitted to physical review D, 2021 Cornish and Littenberg. Tests of bayesian model selection techniques for gravitational wave astronomy. Phys. Rev. D, 76, 083006, 2007. Fuller and Lai. Dynamical tides in compact white dwarf binaries : tidal synchronization and dissipation. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 421, 426–445, 03, 2012. McNeill, Mardling and Müller. Gravitational waves from dynamical tides in white-dwarf binaries. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 491(2) :3000–3012, 11, 2019.