Thèse soutenue

Développement et application de méthodes de spectrométrie de masse pour qualifier les modèles et les composés pour la découverte de petites molécules modulatrices de la présentation antigénique

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Auteur / Autrice : Adele Asia Ponzoni
Direction : Benoit DeprezCorinne Ramos
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Biomolécules, pharmacologie, thérapeutiques
Date : Soutenance le 17/12/2024
Etablissement(s) : Université de Lille (2022-....)
Ecole(s) doctorale(s) : École graduée Biologie-Santé (Lille ; 2000-....)
Partenaire(s) de recherche : Laboratoire : Médicaments et Molécules pour agir sur les Systèmes Vivants (Lille) - Médicaments et molécules pour les systèmes vivants - U 1177
Entreprise : Aliri Bioanalysis
Jury : Examinateurs / Examinatrices : Doriana Fruci
Rapporteurs / Rapporteuses : Marc Since, Per E. Andrén
DOI : 10.70675/def2cbb7z3b56z443az8ff2z3ad29cc66e23

Résumé

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The challenges of drug discovery can be addressed through a multidisciplinary approach that integrates various scientific disciplines. Analytical chemistry has contributed significantly to advances in research and development of new drugs, with mass spectrometry-based techniques being widely applied in this context. The primary objective of this thesis is to support a drug discovery program targeting the endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases, ERAP1 and ERAP2, by developing and applying advanced analytical methods, specifically spectrometry imaging (MSI) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). ERAPs are involved in processing and presenting immunogenic antigens to T cells, and their inhibition is considered an innovative therapeutic strategy for autoimmune and oncological diseases. Three research projects targeted the validation of preclinical models and the characterization of candidate compounds to evaluate their pharmacodynamic (PD) and pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles.In the first project, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-MSI was used to study biochemical changes in a preclinical model of ankylosing spondylitis, the HLA-B27 transgenic rat.Spatially resolved, untargeted metabolomic and lipidomic analyses revealed candidate biomarkers of two deregulated mechanisms linked to gut inflammation, intestinal permeability and immune infiltration. These findings validate the relevance of this model for testing the efficacy of ERAPs inhibitors. In the second project, a quantitative LC-MS/MS method was developed to measure the ERAP1-dependent tumour antigen GSW11, serving as a biomarker of efficacy for an ERAP1 inhibitor, and further validating the compound’s mechanism of action in vitro. Despite method optimization, the endogenous peptide could not be detected, highlighting the technical challenges associated with peptide extraction and analysis from complex biological samples. This led to the identification offactors affecting peptide recovery and detection, offering insights for future method development in peptidomics for pharmacodynamic studies. The third project focused on the biodistribution and metabolism of a candidate ERAP2 inhibitor in vivo. Quantitative MSI was successfully employed to measure the compound's concentration invarious organs, revealing its potential therapeutic applicability. Biotransformation products of the compound were detected and investigated both in vitro and in vivo. These findings pave the way for further characterization of the compound, supporting decision-making processes in future stages of drug development.This research highlights the importance of continuously evaluating preclinical models and compounds to support informed decision-making in drug discovery, ultimately reducing the risk of failures in advanced stages. Future research will focus on integrating these approaches to provide a comprehensive characterization of ERAP inhibitors, combining quantitative tissue analysis with biomarker modulation in preclinical models. The ultimate goal is to identify ERAPs inhibitors with a favourable therapeutic profile for clinical development in autoimmune and oncological indications.