Des empreintes de la poésie française à l'expression d'une poésie persane engagée : le cas d'Ahmad Shâmlou et de Nimâ Youshdij

From the imprints of French poetry to the expression of committed Persian poetry : the case of Ahmad Shâmlou and Nimâ Yushidj

• Auteur / Autrice : Mohammad Hossein Sadrameli
• Direction : Frédérique Toudoire-Surlapierre
• Type : Thèse de doctorat
• Discipline(s) : Litteratures comparées
• Date : Soutenance le 07/02/2022
• Etablissement(s) : Limoges
• Ecole(s) doctorale(s) : École doctorale Humanités (Poitiers ; 2018-....)
• Partenaire(s) de recherche : Laboratoire : Espaces Humains et Interactions Culturelles
• Jury : Président / Présidente : Bernard Urbani
• Jury : Examinateurs / Examinatrices : Nahid Shahverdiani, Bertrand Westphal
• Jury : Rapporteurs / Rapporteuses : Homa Lessan-Pezechki, Farzaneh Karimian

Mots clés

Mots clés contrôlés

Littérature engagée

Mots clés libres

Littérature contemporaine

Poésie moderne

Engagement

Poésie engagée

Conditions sociales

Société

Réceptions

Poésie persane -- Influence française

Poésie française

Contemporary literature

Modern poetry

Engagement

Engaged poetry

Social conditions

Society

Receptions

French poetry

Persian poetry -- French influence

Résumé

Dans cette thèse de littérature comparée, plus qu’une histoire politique des poètes Nimâ Yushidj et Ahmad Shâmlou, nous avons cherché à comprendre comment ceux-ci négocient les rapports entre champ politique et champ poétique. Alors que la modernité consiste, selon Baudelaire, à « dépolitiser » les auteurs, l'engagement de la poésie persane est pourtant l’un des enjeux de la littérature moderne en Iran. Comment peut-on trouver des expressions alternatives pour définir cette étrange alliance entre poésie et politique ? Nimâ Yushidj (1895- 1960) et Ahmad Shâmlou (1925-2000) sont deux poètes les plus lus et les figures poétiques les plus marquantes de la littérature persane moderne. Dans la foulée de la Révolution constitutionnelle persane (ou la période dite Mashroutiat) en 1905, ils ont contribué à libérer leur expression poétique par un style raffiné et conforme à leur temps. En prenant des images puisées dans la poésie française, ils ont conçu une particularité poétique sur le modèle français, mais dans le contexte de leur société. Ils ont créé ainsi une hybridation littéraire et identitaire qui confronte les vestiges d'un traditionalisme à la modernité. Comment peut-on traiter une littérature sans être absent du débat et sans entrer en contact avec l'Histoire et l'actualité ? Pourquoi la question de l'engagement a-t-elle si explicitement été poursuivie par ces deux poètes persans du XXe siècle ? Comment rendre au fait littéraire, en principe affranchi du politique et de ses contraintes, son autonomie et sa spécificité ? Cette thèse cherche à répondre à ces différentes questions.

In this comparative literature thesis, rather than a political history of the poets Nimâ Yushidj and Ahmad Shâmlou, we have sought to understand how they negotiate the relationship between political and poetic fields. While modernity consists, according to Baudelaire, in "depoliticizing" authors, the commitment of Persian poetry is nevertheless one of the issues of modern literature in Iran. How can we find alternative expressions to define this strange alliance between poetry and politics? Nimâ Yushidj (1895- 1960) and Ahmad Shâmlou (1925-2000) are two of the most widely read poets and the most prominent poetic figures in modern Persian literature. In the wake of the Persian Constitutional Revolution (or the so-called Mashroutiat period) in 1905, they contributed to the liberation of their poetic expression through a refined style in keeping with their time. By taking images from French poetry, they designed a poetic particularity on the French model, but in the context of their society. In this way, they created a literary and identity hybridization that confronts the vestiges of traditionalism with modernity. How can one deal with literature without being absent from the debate and without coming into contact with history and current events? Why has the question of commitment been so explicitly pursued by these two twentieth-century Persian poets? How can we give back to the literary fact, in principle freed from politics and its constraints, its autonomy and its specificity? This thesis seeks to answer these different questions. In this thesis of comparative literature, more than a political history of the poets Nima Yushidj and Ahmad Shâmlou, we sought to understand how they negotiate the relations between the political field and the poetic field. While modernity consists, according to Baudelaire, in «depoliticizing» the authors, the commitment of Persian poetry is nevertheless one of the stakes of modern literature in Iran. How can we find alternative expressions to define this strange alliance between poetry and politics? Nimâ Yushidj (1895-1960) and Ahmad Shâmlou (1925-2000) are two of the most widely read poets and poetic figures in modern Persian literature. In the wake of the Persian Constitutional Revolution (or the so-called Mashroutiat period) in 1905, they helped to liberate their poetic expression by a refined style in keeping with their time. By taking images drawn from French poetry, they have conceived a poetic peculiarity on the French model, but in the context of their society. They have thus created a literary and identity hybridization that confronts the vestiges of traditionalism with modernity. How can a literature be treated without being absent from the debate and without coming into contact with history and current events? Why was the question of commitment so explicitly pursued by these two 20th century Persian poets? How can we return to the literary fact, in principle free from politics and its constraints, its autonomy and its specificity? This thesis seeks to answer these different questions.