Thèse soutenue

Rôle du récepteur nucléaire RORα exprimé par les cellules myéloïdes dans les maladies métaboliques

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Auteur / Autrice : Benan Pelin Sermikli
Direction : David Dombrowicz
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Physiologie
Date : Soutenance le 14/12/2020
Etablissement(s) : Université de Lille (2018-2021)
Ecole(s) doctorale(s) : École doctorale Biologie-Santé (Lille ; 2000-....)
Partenaire(s) de recherche : Laboratoire : Récepteurs Nucléaires, Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (Lille) - Récepteurs Nucléaires, Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires

Résumé

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Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-alpha (RORa) is a transcription factor from the nuclearreceptor superfamily expressed by immune and non-immune cells involved in the regulation of obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Cholesterol, cholesterol-sulfate, 7-oxygenated sterols and oxysterols have been identified as potential endogenous RORa ligands. Tobetter understand the mechanisms of macrophage-expressed RORa regulation in obesity and IR, we generated a macrophage-specific RORa-deficient (MKO) mouse line by using a LysM-Cre and floxedRORa mouse line. We report that RORa deletion in macrophages does not impact on HFD-induced obesity and IR. Surprisingly, we did not confirm an earlier report on the effect of HFD on NASHdevelopment upon HFD feeding nor in the more severe and obesity-independent choline-deficient, Lamino acid-defined diet model. We thus, suspected that LysM copy number may play a role in thisdiscrepancy, as the genotype at the LysM locus is a major difference between the two independent linesof work. The LysM-Cre mice carry an insertion of Cre recombinase into the Lyz2 gene, leading to Creexpression under the control of the Lyz2 promoter and enhancers, but abolishing endogenous Lyz2expression. While we intentionally maintained similar Cre and Lyz2 expression between WT and MKO by using only hemizygous animals for this locus (comparing Rora+/+Lyz2Cre/+ with Rorafl/flLyz2Cre/+),floxed mice (Rorafl/flLyz2+/+) were used as WT control and compared with MKO mice missing informationabout the Lyz2 locus (Rorafl/fLyz2Cre/?) in the earlier study. As, we hypothesized that the observed impact of RORa deletion in macrophages on NASH in the earlier study likely did not result from a specific effect of RORa deletion, but rather from a different Lyz2 copy number between WT and MKO mice, we decidedto verify this hypothesis experimentally. Surprisingly, our preliminary findings showed that the Lyz2-deficient mice exhibit slight protection, rather than a detrimental effect, in HFD-induced obesity and IR, as determined by lower body weight and adipose tissue masses, significantly improved glycemic control and decreased epiAT inflammation. Interestingly, whole body Lyz2 deficiency had no impact on hepaticsteatosis (NAFL) in HFD-fed mice. Nonetheless, our preliminary findings even suggest that Lyz2deficiency might protect against advanced and obesity-independent choline-deficient, L-amino aciddefined diet-induced NASH. Taken together, these preliminary findings indicate that different Lyz2 genecopy number in control mice is unlikely to account for the discrepancy between our work and the earlier study. Overall, our results show that RORa deletion in macrophages does not alter the development of obesity and IR and question its role in NASH. On the other hand, we believe that further investigations are of significant interest in the context of obesity, IR, and advanced NASH, as Lyz2 might possess atherapeutic value.