Thèse soutenue

Transport du fer dans le rein : role physiologique et physiopathologique dans la régulation de la synthèse d'érythropoïétine

FR
Auteur / Autrice : Boualem Moulouel
Direction : Carole BeaumontKarim Zoubida
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Biologie cellulaire
Date : Soutenance en 2014
Etablissement(s) : Paris 7

Résumé

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Erythropoietin, the erythropoiesis regulating hormone, is mainly synthesized by renal interstitial fibroblatsts. This synthesis is under the control of the transcription factor HIF2a, which is regulated by the prolylhydroxylase PHD2. The optimum activity of PHD2 requires simultaneous availability of oxygen and iron. It is now clear that, under hypoxia or defective erythropoiesis, PHD2 activity is repressed and HIF2a is stabilized leading to the stimulation of erythropoietin (EPO) gene expression. However, little is known about the implication of iron and hepcidin in this regulation mechanism. Hepcidin is- a little peptide first known as antimicrobial but also considered today as the pivotai regulator of iron homeostasis. It decreases plasma iron by reducing its intestinal absorption and release from spleen and liver macrophages. Plasma hepcidine mainly originates from the liver but recent reports indicate that it is also locally synthesized in other organs including the kindney, suggesting a role for hepcidin in the regulation of renal iron content and therefore in the regulation of renal EPO synthesis. The study of hemochromatosis model Hepc-/-, revealed an iron overload in the kidney, especially in the medullar region. Colocalization studies, with specific markers of different tubular sections, showed that iron accumulates in the thick ascending Limb of the Henle's loop (TAL). By electron microscopy, we observed iron deposits not only in tubular cells but also in interstitial fibroblasts, responsible for EPO synthesis. The study of the regulation of iron transporters (DMT1, TfR1 and FPN) and trans-epithelial iron transport in tubular TAL and OK cell lines revealed that DMT1 plays an important role in the Hepc-i- renal iron overload phenotype. These results allowed us to evidence a local, hepcidin dependent, iron homeostasis regulation in the kidney. Using several models in with variable iron status, liver and kidney hepcidin and EPO expression in the kidney (Phlebotomy, iron restricted diet ,systemic and renal inflammation), we show that hepcidin by regulating renal iron content plays an important role in the modulation of EPO response. In vitro studies on renal EPO producing cells (REPC) suggest that the expression of this hormone is negatively regulated by intracellular iron content. Our results, taken together, suggest that hepcidin, by regulating iron transepithelial transport ir the distal nephron, could exert a control on EPO production in interstitial fibroblasts.