Thèse soutenue

FR
Auteur / Autrice : Justin Eyquem
Direction : Julianne Smith
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : [Biomolécules, Biologie Structurale, Pathologies, Biothérapies]
Date : Soutenance en 2014
Etablissement(s) : Paris 7

Résumé

FR  |  
EN

Adoptive immunotherapy, which involves the transfer of antigen-specific T cells generated ex vivo, is one of the most promising new strategies to treat cancer. The current protocol involves the transduction of T cells with a retroviral vector encoding tumor specific TCRs or CARs. CARs are recombinant receptors providing both T-cell-activating function in an MHC-independent manner. First, I have designed new CAR architectures for higher modularity. The aim of this project was the first proof of concept of multi-chain CARs (mcCAR) based on the FccRI. When co-cultivated with tumor cells, T cells expressing mcCARs were able to promote specific cytotoxicity. Although further experiments are needed to fully appreciate the potential of this new architecture, this remains the first example of a mcCAR capable of specifically triggering T cell activation. Then, I have studied alternative vectorization methods. This project focused on the characterization of loci and the design of integration cassettes to promote robust transgene expression with minimal manipulation of genome. We evaluated three loci from different genomic environment for nuclease mediated gene targeting. Reporter genes controlled by different promoters were inserted at in senne and antisense orientations. Sustainable expression was achieved at all loci without disturbance of flanking gene expression. Single targeted integrations exhibited improved transgene expression stability versus multicopy. Finally, we developed nuclease mediated promoter trap approach allowing the fast selection of clones carrying single targeted integration which stably express a transgene without disturbing the endogenous gene expression.