Thèse soutenue

Amas de galaxies détectés par Planck avec l'effet Sunyaev-Zel'dovich thermique : contraintes cosmologiques et spectre angulaire

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Auteur / Autrice : Matthieu Roman
Direction : Jacques Delabrouille
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : [Champs, particules, matières]
Date : Soutenance en 2014
Etablissement(s) : Paris 7

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Résumé

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Within the framework defined by general relativity, modern cosmology faces several challenges among which the nature of dark energy, or the behaviour and evolution of ordinary matter trapped inside dark matter potential wells. Galaxy clusters, the largest gravitationally bound structures of the Universe, are particulary well suited to tackle those key questions. The thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect is the inverse Compton interaction of cosmic microwave background photons off electrons in the dense gas within galaxy clusters. With this effect, Planck detected the largest SZ-selected sample currently existing. This work present the cosmological exploitation of Planck cluster catalog, with the construction of a model for cluster counts. The model includes the choice of a mass function and builds scaling laws relating cluster observables to mass. Then, a specific Planck selection function is computed. Using a gridded likelihood or Markov chains Monte-Carlo, the Planck cosmological constraints are established and discussed. Another probe of density fluctuations and their evolution is studied in this work : the SZ angular power spectrum. The component separation method allowing for the extraction of the SZ spectrum is described, as well as its validation on a set of simulations from the Planck Sky Model. Then, forecasts on galaxy clusters constraints for the next generation space missions are presented.