Thèse soutenue

Interactions hommes-chimpanzés-forêt : approche spatiale et territoriale de la répartition des chimpanzés, des perceptions locales et de la gestion de la biodiversité (Sebitoli, parc national de Kibale, Ouganda)
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Auteur / Autrice : Sarah Bortolamiol
Direction : Marianne CohenSabrina Krief
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Géographie
Date : Soutenance en 2014
Etablissement(s) : Paris 7

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Résumé

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In a context of hyper-proxirility between wildlife and human population, human and non-human territories and their interactions are studied at the extreme north of Kibale National Park, in Sebitoli area, cul de sac of the protected forest crossed by a highly frequented tarmac road and surrounded by densely populated villages and cash crops. Limits of humans, chimpanzees and protected areas are historically, spatially and legally interlocked, forbidding humans to enter the forest while wild animais go and crop-raid peoples' garderas at its edges. The study of spatial and temporal variation of chimpanzee feeding resources between three communities located close to each other within Kibale National Park shows that the former-exploited Sebitoli forest hosts an important density of this species, classified "endangered" (Appendix I, CITES). At Sebitoli site's scale (25 km2), Maxent species distribution model shows that crops located at park's edges and the maintenance work on the road crossing the area can actually favour chimpanzee distribution, adding complementary food resources to wild species of the forest. In this context, habits and spiritual or practical lçnowledge of villagers bordering the park may transform and dilute within geographic space and time. An appropriate combination of institutional actions towards crop protection and villagers' needs is necessary to avoid both hostility towards wild fauna and fora and a selective and silent opposition. Positive (species and spaces conservation) and negative (crop-raiding, poaching) retroactions coexist within local biodiversity management. These results provide useful inputs to adapt political measures of endangered-species conservation within human and non-human territories.