Thèse soutenue

Écophysiologie et dynamique de la croissance coquillière de l'huître perlière, Pinctada margaritifera (L. ) : analyses moléculaires et microstructurales : Thèse présentée pour obtenir le titre de Docteur de l'Université de la Polynésie française et soutenue publiquement le 30 novembre 2010

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Auteur / Autrice : Clémentine Linard
Direction : Marcel Le Pennec
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Biologie marine
Date : Soutenance en 2010
Etablissement(s) : Polynésie française

Mots clés

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Résumé

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The pearl culture industry in French Polynesia has shown a rapid increase during the eighties and the nineties, following by a sharp decline for the ten past years. A growing production of black pearl oysters, and a reduced quality of the pearls, have resulted in very low prices. In order to recover a competitiveness for the farms, the research focussed (among other subjects) on optimisingthe growth of Pinctada margaritifera. From this point of view, understanding the effects of the environment on the on the growth of the shell, is considered as a priority. The growth dynamic of the shell was first analysed, by a protocol base on a chemical marker, the calcein. Then we described the ecophysiology of the shell growth, on two different sites (the atoll of Takapoto and the Mangareva islands). Our knowledge relating to the effects of temperature and micro algae concentrations on the shell growth was also developed in controlled conditions. Finally, we studied the influence of these environmental parameterson the biomineralisation. The expression level of 14 genes was analysed into the mantle, wich is the biomineralising tissue producing the shell. The microstructure of the aragonitic tablets, wich compose the nacreous layer of the shell, was also described. The present work gives a better insight of ecophysiological aspects of the shell, fot Pinctada margaritifera. Several tolls are established and some practical advices can be given, namely on preparing and selecting the grafts.