= Comportement thermo-hydraulique des supraconducteurs de type cable-en-conduit à double canal pour ITER
Auteur / Autrice : | Bertrand Renard |
Direction : | Lounès Tadrist |
Type : | Thèse de doctorat |
Discipline(s) : | Mécanique. Énergétique |
Date : | Soutenance en 2006 |
Etablissement(s) : | Aix-Marseille 1 |
Partenaire(s) de recherche : | Autre partenaire : Institut universitaire des systèmes thermiques industriels, IUSTI (Marseille) |
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Résumé
In an effort to optimise the cryogenics of large superconducting coils for fusion applications (ITER), dual channel Cable-In-Conduit Conductors (CICC) are designed with a central channel spiral to provide low hydraulic resistance and faster helium circulation. The qualitative and economic rationale of the conductor central channel is here justified to limit the superconductor temperature increase, but brings more complexity to the conductor cooling characteristics. The pressure drop of spirals is experimentally evaluated in nitrogen and water and an explicit hydraulic friction model is proposed. Temperatures in the cable must be quantified to guarantee superconductor margin during coil operation under heat disturbance and set adequate inlet temperature. Analytical one-dimensional thermal models, in steady state and in transient, allow to better understand the thermal coupling of CICC central and annular channels. The measurement of a heat transfer characteristic space and time constants provides cross-checking experimental estimations of the internal thermal homogenisation. A simple explicit model of global interchannel heat exchange coefficient is proposed. The risk of thermosiphon between the two channels is considered since vertical portions of fusion coils are subject to gravity. The new hydraulic model, heat exchange model and gravitational risk ratio allow the thermohydraulic improvement of CICC central spirals.