Thèse soutenue

Les manufactures de tabacs et d'allumettes de l'ouest de la France : (XVIIIe-XXe siècles)
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Auteur / Autrice : Laurent Fièvre
Direction : Jean-Yves Andrieux
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Histoire de l'art
Date : Soutenance en 2002
Etablissement(s) : Rennes 2

Résumé

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Considered under their architectural and technical features, factories of tobacco and matches are the center of a common consideration. For the XIXth century, these two industries recover from a monopoly of state resulting in the creation of the S. E. I. T. A. (Société d'Exploitation Industrielle des Tabacs et des Allumettes) in the last quarter of the XXth century. To tackle the peculiarities of this built patrimony which counts several dozens buildings distributed on the whole of the French territory, five sites were privileged in the West : three factories of tobacco in Morlaix (Finistère), Nantes (Loire-Atlantique) and Le Mans (Sarthe) ; and two successive factories of matches in Trélazé (Maine-et-Loire). These factories belong to an administrative and political system which stand out itself sharply from the other sectors of the state or private industry. The engineers of Manaufactures de l'Etat are formed to insure the economic and social mission of their employer. They elaborate and define the industrial spaces, invent and develop the tool of production, while they improve work conditions of a privileged workers' population. Influenced by the industrial buildings of Ancien Régime, the architecture of these two sectors of activity carefully conform to rational and standardized buildings patterns which answer the needs of productions, transports, and as well some safety measures. For these reasons, the engineers do not hesitate to be interested in possibilities given by using new materials such as cast iron or concrete. At the same time, they also benefit by improvements brought in energy sources (hydraulic, vapour and electricity) to create and spread a mechanical equipment ceaselessly in technical advancement.