La disqualification en droit privé interne

Disqualification in private internal law

• Auteur / Autrice : Stéphane Asencio
• Direction : Jean Hauser
• Type : Thèse de doctorat
• Discipline(s) : Droit privé
• Date : Soutenance en 1999
• Etablissement(s) : Bordeaux 4
• Jury : Président / Présidente : Jean Hauser
• Jury : Examinateurs / Examinatrices : Jean Hauser, Bernard Beignier, François Terré, Philippe Conte, Jean-Pierre Laborde
• Jury : Rapporteurs / Rapporteuses : Bernard Beignier, François Terré

Mots clés

Mots clés contrôlés

France

Qualification (droit)

Résumé

La disqualification est une qualification a priori anormale. Elle apparait en cela comme un phenomene (intentionnel ou pas), perturbateur de la systematisation du droit. Ce phenomene est general a l'ensemble des disciplines juridiques. La disqualification est souvent confondue avec la requalification qui implique pourtant une autre circonstance, puisque requalifier consiste a revenir a une juste qualification. Precisement, la requalification est la sanction de la disqualification. Comme la disqualification est un phenomene perturbateur mal connu, il semble logique de l'analyser exhaustivement, ce qui consiste a l'apprehender comme une notion juridique, dont la destinee logique est d'etre sanctionnee. Par la notion de disqualification, il s'agit de decouvrir pleinement le phenomene de disqualification en ses apparences et realites. En ses apparences, la disqualification s'apprehende par sa nature, ses sources et effets ii en ressort que la disqualification est un phenomene particulier, une qualification anormale, donc tant un mecanisme qu'un resultat juridique, aux sources diverses, legales, judiciaires, individuelles et aux effets non uniformes. En ses realites, l'on decouvre comment la disqualification s'effectue a partir de ses objets (situations juridiques) et de ses fondements (concepts et categories juridiques). Par la sanction de la disqualification, il s'agit de voir quel sort est reserve a la disqualification. Au regard de sa nocivite, elle a vocation a etre eradiquee. Toutefois, certaines conditions doivent etre concretement reunies pour assurer cette sanction : d'abord la presence veritable d'une disqualification, ensuite la possibilite de requalifier. La sanction de la disqualification connait neanmoins des limites, qui sont d'ordre technique ou rationnel. Dans cette derniere occurrence, l'on n'est toutefois plus vraiment en presence d'une disqualification mais plutot d'une dequalification.

Disqualification is a qualification wich, at first, is abnormal. As such it appears as a (intentional or not) disturbing phenomenon of the law systemization. This phenomenon is in all legal fields. Disqualification is often confused with requalification which may include other circumstances due to the fact that requalifying consists of coming back to a correct qualification. Requalification is precisely the sanction of disqualification. Disqualification being an unknown disturbing phenomenon it seems logical to analyse it exhaustively which means by apprehending it as a legal concept where logical destiny is to be sanctionned. In the concept of disqualification we should fully discover this phenomenon both in its appearances and reality. In its appearances disqualification can be understood by its nature, its sources and its effects. From there it appears that disqualification is a particular phenomenon an abnormal qualification and as such as well ads a mechanism and a legal result, with various sources, for example, legal, judicial, and various effects. In its reality we discover how disqualification comes from its objects (legal situations) and its roots (legal concepts and categories). Trough its sanction we see what is the destiny of disqualification. Considering its noxious effect, it should be naturally eradicated. However a certain number of conditions must be firmly joined together in order to ensure this sanction, first of all the real presence of a disqualification and then after the possibility of requalifying. Anyway the sanction of disqualification is limited by technical and rationnal reasons. In the last case we are no longer really in presence of a disqualification by rather in one of dequalification.