Le pacte de stabilite en europe

The pact on stability in europe

• Auteur / Autrice : Béatrice Majza
• Direction : Daniel Colard
• Type : Thèse de doctorat
• Discipline(s) : Droit public
• Date : Soutenance en 1999
• Etablissement(s) : Besançon

Mots clés

Mots clés contrôlés

Politique étrangère et de sécurité commune

Mots clés libres

Politique etrangere et de securite commune

Organisation pour la securite et la cooperation en europe

Résumé

En 1989, l'europe a decouvert la tragique realite que quatre decennies de domination sovietique et de guerre froide avaient masquee : l'etroite imbrication des populations et la fragilite des frontieres, en europe mediane, constituent des sources inepuisables de tensions, comme le conflit en ex-yougoslavie devait rapidement le demontrer. Face a l'impuissance de la communaute internationale a resoudre cette grave crise, la france, par l'intermediaire de son premier ministre de cohabitation, edouard balladur, a propose, en 1993, la reunion d'une conference internationale qui s'est traduite par l'adoption d'un pacte de stabilite, destine a resoudre les problemes de minorites et de frontieres en europe centrale et orientale. Adopte sous la forme d'une action commune au titre de la politique etrangere et de securite commune de l'union europeenne, le pacte se presentait comme une experience et un test, permettant de mesurer l'influence reelle de l'union sur la stabilite en europe. Cet exercice de diplomatie preventive dont l'objectif etait d'inciter les etats d'europe centrale et orientale a signer entre eux des traites de cooperation et de bon voisinage a ete formellement integre dans la strategie d'elargissement de l'union a l'est, en tant que prealable oblige a respecter avant l'adhesion. Au-dela de cette dimension strictement europeenne, le pacte de stabilite participe egalement a la definition d'une architecture paneuropeenne de securite, c'est-a-dire un systeme d'interaction entre les institutions europeennes (osce, conseil de l'europe, otan, ue, ueo), et ce, en vue de gerer au mieux les crises qui se posent dans la periode postbipolaire. Bien que quatre annees se soient ecoulees depuis son adoption et malgre le silence qui l'entoure, le pacte de stabilite conserve un certain interet. Il aura permis de poser concretement le probleme de la transition politique des etats de l'europe mediane, en l'inscrivant dans la perspective plus large de l'elargissement de l'union europeenne et de la redefinition des missions des organisations paneuropeennes dans l'apres-guerre froide.

Since the fall of the berlin wall and the collapse of the communist regimes in central and eastern europe, this region has been confronted with an outburst of aggressive nationalism, a development which, as the yugoslav tragedy has shown, poses a serious threat to european security and stability. The idea of a european stability pact was first put forward by the french prime minister, edouard balladur, who in his inaugural address before the french national assembly in april 1993 deplored europe's apparent incapacity to deal with the yugoslav crisis, and appealed to the european community to take an initiative so as to bolster european stability and avoid similar conflicts in the future. In the light of the european union's plans for enlargement to the east, it was only natural that the problem of stability on the european continent should have become one of it's first + joint actions ; in the framework of the common foreign and security policy as laid down in the maastricht treaty. The main objective of the pact on stability was to urged the countries of the central and eastern europe to negociate good neighbourliness agreements amongst themselves in order to solve their problems of minorities and borders. The pact reflected the european union's intention to put the emphasis in a first stage on solving the problems of those countries which have explicitly been recognized as candidate members of the union. The pact served also to organise and coordinate the action of the existing institutions involved in order to assure the security in europe (osce, council of europe, eu, weu, nato). It contributed to fostering peace and stability in europe by the elaboration of an european security architecture which will be able to solve the post-cold war crisis. With this more important joint action, the european union demonstrated its capacity to influence the european stability. The pact put the question of its indisputable achievement in consolidating peace and properity in a previously war-ridden region, which will give the eu a practical leverage and an economic and political weight.