Cinq ans d'un partenariat : Turquie-aire turcophone

Five years of a partnership : turkey-turkish speaking area

• Auteur / Autrice : Bekir Uysal
• Direction : Stéphane Yerasimos
• Type : Thèse de doctorat
• Discipline(s) : Géographie
• Date : Soutenance en 1998
• Etablissement(s) : Paris 8

Mots clés

Mots clés contrôlés

Turquie -- 20e siècle

Asie centrale

Turquie

Géopolitique

Résumé

Cinq ans d'independance des pays turcophones ex-sovietiques revolus ont mis en evidence un reseau de cooperation tant sur le plan bilateral que multilateral entre la turquie et ces pays, reseau beaucoup plus etendu qu'a l'epoque sovietique, etabli dans plusieurs domaines. Au coeur de cette volonte de cooperation, demeure la parente linguistique comme element inseparable d'une proximite culturelle remontant meme a l'epoque preottomane. Certains pays turcophones ont demande a la turquie le soutien aupres des institutions internationales ainsi que son assistance economique dans leur processus de transition a l'economie de marche. La gamme de cooperation comprend les domaines de l'economie, du commerce de l'education, de la culture, de l'ecriture commune, des transports, de l'energie electrique, de l'environnement de l'encouragement du secteur prive, des services sanitaires et medicaux, ainsi que la modernisation des routes et des lignes aeriennes, ferroviaires, les constructions, les infrastructures etc. Aussi, le sujet si frequent a occuper l'ordre du jour des relations turquie-aire turcophone fut celui des oleoducs du et gazoducs apres l'independance des pays ex-sovietiques. La turquie a declare, debut fevrier 1992, demander que le petrole venant de l'asie centrale et de l'azerbaidjan soit achemine par des lignes menant a la mediterranee mais a travers son territoire. Declarant son objection a un passage par le bosphore, elle a mis en application, debut juillet 1994, le nouveau regime du passage maritime par les detroits et a privilegie les recherches de faisabilite de la ligne bakou-ceyhan, dont le cout serait de quelque 2,5 milliards de dollars. Pour les gazoducs, il convient d'en citer un ici, celui projete pour transiter le gaz turkmene vers l' europe a travers le territoire turc, vu que le besoin gazier augmente au fur et a mesure, a la fois en turquie et en europe.

Five years of independence of the turkish speaking countries of the former soviet union have given evidence of a cooperation network on bilateral plan as well as on a multilateral one between turkey and turkish speaking countries in various fields. In the middle of this will for cooperation, the linguistic relativeness lies as a stable component of cultural proximity which has its origins mostly in preottoman epoch. Some former soviet republics have asked turkey to support their efforts at international institutions as well as its economic assistance in their process of transition to the market economy. The said network of cooperation contains fields such as: economy, trade, investments, education, culture, common alphabet, energy, transports, communications, environment, encouragement of the private sector, sanitary and medical services , infrastructures, etc. Meanwhile, one of the topics which often frequented the agenda of the relations between turkey and turkish speaking area was pipe-lines and gas-pipes issue, following the collapse of the soviet union. Turkey has declared in february 1992 to demand that central asian and caspian oil should be transported to the mediterranean ports, but through its territory. Emphasising its objection to passage via bosphorus, she put into effect the new maritime trafic regime through detroits in july 1994, and has privileged feasibility research for the trajectory bakou-ceyhan. Eventual cost of this line of an 45 millions tons capacity would be estimated some 2,5 billions dollars. About the gas pipes, one of them naturally deserves to be mentionned here because of its importance; this is turkmen gas pipe to transport via iranian and turkish territories to europe some quantities of the huge gas reserves in turkmenistan.