Recherches sur les amphores de provence et de la basse vallee du rhone aux epoques archaique et classique (fin viie - debut ive s. Av. J-c. )

Research on the amphorae from the archaic and classic periods found in provence and in the lower rhone valley (late 7th century-early 4th century b. C. )

• Auteur / Autrice : Jean-Christophe Sourisseau
• Direction : Jean-Paul Morel
• Type : Thèse de doctorat
• Discipline(s) : Art et archéologie
• Date : Soutenance en 1997
• Etablissement(s) : Aix-Marseille 1

Mots clés

Mots clés contrôlés

Antiquités

Amphores

Commerce

Amphores

Résumé

Le but essentiel de cette these est l'etude des relations commerciales, de leurs vicissitudes , de leurs structures ainsi que de leurs implications economiques et culturelles aupres des communautes grecques et indigenes de gaule meridionale. Une part importante du travail a consiste dans l'inventaire raisonne des amphores de 4 sites majeurs (marseille, arles, saint-pierre-les-martigues, saint-blaise) et de 12 epaves. Chaque point de decouverte fait l'objet d'une etude monographique complete. Ce travail constitue le volume 2. Dans le volume 1, nous proposons une synthese des donnees. Chaque categorie d'amphores reperee en provence fait l'objet d'un dossier critique. Principaux apports: - hypotheses nouvelles sur la provenance de certaines categories d'amphores etrusques. - frequence relativement importante et grande variete des amphores grecques. Certaines pourraient etre de fabrication occidentale (corinthiennes b et ionio-massalietes). Les autres proviennent de l'ensemble du monde grec continental ou oriental. -diffusion importante des amphores de tradition phenico-punique , exclusivement a marseille et a arles. Elles sont essentiellement d'origine iberique et servaient au transport de l'huile. La seconde phase de l'approche a consiste dans une etude quantitative globale et detaillee. Les grands flux de marchandises (vin et huile) ont donc ete caracterises, entre le debut du vie et la fin du ve s. Principales conclusions : - grecs et indigenes se distinguent par leurs besoins. Les grecs importent de l'huile (grecque, puis iberique) alors que les indigenes ne consomment pratiquement que du vin. Marseille prefere produire du vin, qu'elle distribue dans le monde indigene meridional, plutot que de l'huile. -dans la premiere moitie du vie s. , commerces etrusques autonomes et emporia massaliete se cotoient. A partir de 550, marseille semble prendre en main la redistribution des produits etrangers, en plus de la distribution de ses propres productions. - pour finir, nous proposons quelques reflexions sur la structure des commerces archaiques dont la gaule meridionale subit l'action.

The main objective of this thesis is to study trade relations, their structures and their vicissitudes, as well as their economic and cultural consequences on the greek and the native communities of southern gaul. An important part of the work consists of an inventory of the amphorae from 4 major sites (marseilles, arles, saint-pierre-les-martigues, saint-blaise) and 12 shipwrecks. There is a comprehensive monographic study for each one of these locations. This is found in volume 2. In volume i we offer a synthetic interpretation of the data. Each category of amphora found in provence is the subject of a carefully reviewed dossier. Main results from this study: -new hypotheses on the origin of certain types of etruscan amphorae. - relatively high frequency and large variety of greek amphorae. Some could be of western origin (corinthian b and ionio-massaliete). The others come from all parts of the greek world, continental as well as oriental. - important presence of amphorae derived from the phoenico-punic tradition, exclusively in arles and marseilles. These came essentially from spain and were used to transport oil. In a second stage, the study adopts a global as well as detailed quantitative approach. The main trade currents (wine and oil) are analyzed, from the beginning of the 6th century to the end of the 5th century. Main conclusions: -greek populations and native populations had different needs. The greeks imported oil (from greece, then from spain) while the natives consumed almost exclusively wine. Marseilles chose to produce wine - which was sold to the native populations of southern gaul - rather than oil. -during the first half of the 6th century, etruscan trades and marseilles emporia coexisted. After 550 b. C. , marseilles seems to have taken over the redistribution of foreign products together with the sale of its own productions. -we conclude with some thoughts concerning the structures of certain forms of archaic trade which had an impact on southern gaul.