Maladie mentale et responsabilité civile : étude comparative des jurisprudences administrative et judiciaire

Mental illness and civil liability / comparative study of judicial and administrative precedents

• Auteur / Autrice : Jean-Pierre Grandemange
• Direction : Pierre Bon
• Type : Thèse de doctorat
• Discipline(s) : Droit public
• Date : Soutenance en 1996
• Etablissement(s) : Pau

Mots clés

Mots clés contrôlés

Responsabilité civile

Droits

Malades mentaux

France

Hospitalisation psychiatrique sans consentement

Résumé

Les problemes de responsabilite civile lies aux malades mentaux ont toujours _ occupe une place particuliere au sein des jurisprudences administrative et judiciaire. Cette specificite concerne tant le contentieux des dommages qu'ils ont subis que celui qui a trait a ceux qu'ils ont causes, et ce, en raison de leur statut et de leur personnalite eminemment complexe. C'est donc en fonction de ces facteurs que les juges des deux ordres de juridiction sont conduits a statuer sur des questions aussi diverses que les hospitalisations abusives, les problemes de protection des malades mentaux contre eux-memes, ou encore la mise en cause de tiers par les victimes de leurs agissements dommageables. Plus rigoureux envers les requerants que son homologue de l'ordre judiciaire a l'origine, le juge administratif a sensiblement adouci ses positions par la suite, optant meme parfois pour des solutions encore plus avantageuses que celles retenues par le juge civil. Ce rapprochement regulier des jurisprudences des deux ordres de juridiction, reserve faite de l'attitude encore frileuse du juge administratif en matiere de police des alienes, s'integre parfaitement dans le cadre general de l'evolutiondu droit de la responsabilite civile qui se caracterise par une reduction continue des spheres de non responsabilite.

The problems of civil liability linked to mentally ill people have always been a matter of peculiar importance among judicial and administrative precedents. This particularity concerns as much the litigation of the damage which they have sustained as that related to the damage which they have caused, and this, because of their status and their highly complex personality. It is therefore by taking those factors into account that the judges of the two orders of jurisdiction are led to rule on matters as various as unjustified hospitalization, the problems of the protection of mentally ill people from themselves, or else the implication of third parties by the victims of their wrongdoing. Harsher towards the plantiffs than his counterpart of the judicial order in the first place, the administrative judge has noticeably softened his positions afterwards, sometimes even choosing solutions much more profitable than those decided upon by the civil judge. The steady coming together of the precedents of the two orders of jurisdiction, putting aside the still overcautions attitude of the administrative judge in terms of the policing of insane persons, perfectly fits into the general frame of the evolution of the civil liability law which is characterized by a continuous reduction of the spheres of non responsability.