Les professeurs d'allemand des lycees en france 1850 1880

Teachers of german in french lycees (1850-1880)

• Auteur / Autrice : Jacques Brethomé
• Direction : Jean-Paul Barbe
• Type : Thèse de doctorat
• Discipline(s) : Études germaniques
• Date : Soutenance en 1996
• Etablissement(s) : Nantes

Résumé

On decrit d'abord les grandes etapes de l'evolution du cadre institutionnel de l'enseignement des langues viviantes au lycee (reformes de fortoul, duruy et simon), leurs consequences et leurs implications, en parallele avec l'evolution politique de la france a la meme epoque. On s'attache ensuite aux enseignants eux-memes : leur origine nationale et sociale, leurs motivations, leur adaptation, la facon dont ils ont ete percus. L'evolution de leur carriere, de leur situation materielle comme fonctionnaires et comme individus est ensuite abordee, en particulier en liaison avec les concours de recrutement. La partie suivante traite de leur image sociale et de leur vie privee, consideration professionnelle, rapports avec les institutions et les pouvoirs en place, participation a la vie politique. Une derniere partie est consacree a leur rayonnement et a leur activite : enseignement, manuels utilises, et a leur contribution a la vie intellectuelle de la iieme moitie du xixeme siecle. La periode etudiee voit la reconnaissance definitive des langues vivantes et des professeurs au sein de l'institution scolaire et porte en germe les evolutions ulterieures jusqu'a nos jours.

We first give a description of the main stages in the development of the institutional framework of modern language teaching in the lycees (the reforms made by fortoul, duruy and simon),their consequences and their implications. This is studied in parallel with the political evolution of france during the same period. Then we study the teachers themselves : their national and social origins, their motivation, their adaptation, the way in which they were viewed. Then we move on to the course of their career, their material situation as civil servants of the french state and the teachers, themselves, as individuals, in particular with regard to the french competitive examinations. The following section deals with their social image and their private lives, the way they were considered from a professional point of view, their relations with the institutions and the political powers and their part in the political process. A final section is devoted to their cultural influence, and to their activities : teaching, textbooks used, and to their contribution to the intellectual life of the second half of the nineteenth century. The period covered saw the permanent recognition of modern languages and modern language teachers inside the school institution and this forms the roots of subsequent developments right up to the present time.