Jaures philosophe. Le cours de philosophie d'albi (1882-1883) et son role dans la formation de la pensee de jaures

Jaures, the philosopher the philosophy course at albi (1882-1883) and its role in the formation of jaures' thought

• Auteur / Autrice : Jòrdi Blanc
• Direction : Louis Sala-Molins
• Type : Thèse de doctorat
• Discipline(s) : Philosophie
• Date : Soutenance en 1996
• Etablissement(s) : Toulouse 2

Résumé

Etude du premier stade de la pensee philosophique de jaures qu'il nous soit donne de connaitre, a travers l'edition critique et l'analyse de son cours de philosophie inedit, professe au lycee d'albi, pendant l'annee scolaire 1882-1883, a sa sortie de l'e. N. S. . Tres critique envers l'empirisme et l'idealisme, kant notamment, jaures se reclame du realisme metaphysique. Sa philosophie de la substance annonce le theocentrisme de la realite du monde sensible, la these qu'il soutiendra en sorbonne dix ans plus tard, et dont le cours et la correspondance a charles salomon permettent de reconstituer le premier projet. Lors de ses deux annees de professorat a albi, separe de ses camarades et desormais eloigne de l'effervescence intellectuelle parisienne, jaures se pose le probleme de son avenir. Alors que la politique est deja sa vocation declaree, en quel sens fait-il de la philosophie et quel rapport etablit-il entre philosophie et politique? capital pour la comprehension de la morale et des conceptions politiques de jaures, ce document est reste ignore ou a ete incompris ou nie pendant plus d'un siecle. ''toujours, toujours, la doctrine sociale a ete liee a des doctrines de philosophie generale, saint-simon, fourier, marx, engels, pressense, tous ils ont compris que les lois de l'evolution sociale etaient liees au drame du devenir universel'': pourquoi refuserait-on a jaures lui-meme la mise en perspective qu'il preconisait a l'egard de ses ''camarades eternels''? sa metaphysique serait-elle a ce point incompatible avec les dogmes du laicisme republicain francais?

A study of the first stages in jaures' philosophical thinking by means of an annotated edition and critical analysis of his unplished lectures, given at albi lycee during the academic year 1882-1883 after he had graduated from the e. N. S. . Heavily critical of empirism and idealism, most notably that of kant, jaures was an adherant of the ideas of metaphysical realism. Essentially, his philosophy of substance prefigured the theocentrism of la realite du monde sensible : the thesis which, ten years later, he submitted to the sorbonne. Beginnings which can be pieced together from the course at albi and from his correspondance with charles salomon. During his two years as a teacher in albi, separed from his friends and the busting intelectual life of paris, jaures considered the problem of his future. Given his declared intention to the enter politics, why persue his interests in philosophy and what connections could he make betwen philosophy and politics? of capital importance to the understanding of jaures' moral and political concept these documents have yet been ignored, misundestood or denigrated for more than a centuary. ''forever has social doctrine been bound to the doctrines in general : saintsimon, fourier, marx, engels, pressense, all of then understood that the laws of social evolution were linked to the drama of universal change. '' why should jaures himself not be accorded the same consideration he advocated for his ''eternals comrades'' ? thus viewed would his metaphysics be incompatible with the tenets of french republican laicism?