Les institutions de la cinquième République à l'épreuve de l'alternance : la présidence de M. François Mitterrand

The institutions of the fifth republic in france and the problem of the alternation of gobernment : mr francois mitterrand's presidency

• Auteur / Autrice : Jacques Le Gall
• Direction : Jean Petot
• Type : Thèse de doctorat
• Discipline(s) : Droit public
• Date : Soutenance en 1995
• Etablissement(s) : Paris 11

Résumé

La cinquieme republique se caracterise entre 1958 et 1981 par l'absence d'alternance et est largement identifiee a son fondateur et a sa famille politique. Pourtant, l'entree a l'elysee en 1981 d'un president socialiste puis le deroulement de son double mandat, jalonne de trois autres alternances sans qu'aucune crise institutionnelle ne se soit produite, apportent la demonstration que le regime se prete a l'accession au pouvoir de forces politiques variees. En sens inverse, quelles ont ete les consequences de l'alternance sur les institutions ? celles-ci n'ont pas subi de bouleversement ni quant a leur lettre ni quant a leur pratique qui reste centree, grace a un executif fort, sur l'efficacite de l'etat. Des evolutions sont neanmoins a relever, avec l'attenuation de la domination presidentielle pendant les periodes de ''cohabitation'' ainsi qu'avec l'instauration d'une plus large repartition des pouvoirs. Au total, si l'alternance a contribue a l'enracinement de la cinquieme republique, des elements de fragilite ou d'incertitude subsistent quant a l'evolution du systeme constitutionnel et politique francais.

In france, the republic is characterized between 1958 and 1981 by an absence of alternation of government and is in large part identified with its founder and with his political family. Nevertheless the election in 1981 of a socialist president, then his double :andate, which is marked by three other alternations without any institutionnal crisis, prove that this system of gobernment allow the accession to the power of different political parties. On the opposite way, what were the consequences of the alternative on the institutions ? they didn't have to face any revolution, neither concerning their text nor concerning their practice which remained centered, thanks to a mighty executive power, to the efficiency of the state. Some evolution, however, are to be pointed out with the decreasing of the presidential domination during the periods of ''cohabitation'' and with a wider repartition of powers. Finally if the alternation has contributed to implant the fifth republic, some elements of weakness or of dubiousness remain about the evolution of the french constitutionnal and political system.