Thèse soutenue

Schopenhauer et les grands courants littéraires français de la fin du XIXe siècle
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Auteur / Autrice : Fabienne Carette-Drencourt
Direction : Jean-François Marquet
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Philosophie
Date : Soutenance en 1995
Etablissement(s) : Paris 4

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Résumé

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SCHOPENHAUER'S PHILOSOPHY, GRANTING A PRIVILIGED PLACE TO ART AND PARTICULARLY TO MUSIC, HAD A TREMENDOUS INFLUENCE OVER THE AESTHETICS OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY, AND ESPECIALLY IN FRANCE OVER ITS LITERARY CURRENTS. SCHOPENHAUER, WHO REGARDS ARTISTIC REPRESENTATION NOT AS AN ILLUSIVE IMAGE BUT AS THE ACTUAL CONVEYANCE OF THE BEING IN ITSELF, BESTOWS ON ART A METAPHYSICAL AND REDEEMING OFFICE. VERY DIFFERENT SCHOOLS OF POETS WILL CLAIM THEIR BELONGING TO HIS AESTHETICS, STARTING FROM THE GNOMIC AND PHILOSOPHICAL POETRY OF JEAN LAHOR OR LOUISE ACKERMANN, THEN ON TO THE IMPASSIVITY AND MYSTICISM OF THE BREAUTIFUL OF THE PARNASSIAN SCHOOL, AND FINALLY TO THE UTMOST SUBTELIES OF THE DECADENTS. BUT INDEED SYMBOLISM, SWAYED BY THE THEMES OF SOLIPSISM AND SUBJECTIVE IDEALISM, FAR MORE THAN ANY OTHER SCHOOL AIMS TO PUTTING INTO PRACTICE THE GERMAN PHILOSOPHER'S METAPHYSICS OF MUSIC. AS TO REALISTIC WRITERS, THEY ARE ATTRACTED NOW BY THE PESSIMISTIC AND SUBVERSIVE ASPECTS, NOW BY THE COMFORTING SIDE OF THE DOCTRINE. SCHOPENHAUER DEPRIVES THE CLEAR-HEADED CREATOR OF ANY ILLUSION BUT AT THE SAME TIME ALLOWS HIM REMOTENESS AND SOME SORT OF SALVATION, THROUGH ART OR ASCETISM. ENTICED, MAUPASSANT, ZOLA, HUYSMANS, AMONG OTHERS, HAVE DEDICATED ONE OF THEIR WORKS TO HIM. BUT WE CAN ASCERTAIN THAT IT IS IN THE OUEST OF LOST TIME THAT SCHOPENHAUER'S MARK PROVES THE DEEPEST. IN FACT, FROM JEAN SANTEUIL UP TO RECAPTURED TIME, PROUST EXPRESSES A CONCEPTION OF TIME, ART, AND HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS THAT IS QUITE CONNECTED with THE SCHOPENHAUERIAN SYSTEM. BY DEFINING THE MODERN MAN WITH HIS ANGUISH WHEN ENCOUNTERING A WORTHLESS WORLD, AND AN ELUSIVE REASON IN FACE OF THE ALMIGHTY UNCONSCIOUS, SCHOPENHAUER HAS OVERTHROWN THE FOUNDATIONS OF ANY GENUINE LITERARY CREATION.