Messali Hadj : la passion de l'Algérie libre (1898-1954)

Messalihadj unyielding fight for a free algeria (1898-1954)

• Auteur / Autrice : Jacques Simon
• Direction : Annie Rey-Goldzeiguer
• Type : Thèse de doctorat
• Discipline(s) : Histoire
• Date : Soutenance en 1995
• Etablissement(s) : Paris 3

Mots clés

Mots clés contrôlés

Algérie -- 1830-1962

Messali Hadj, Ahmed (1898-1974)

20e siècle

Algérie

Anti-impérialisme

Résumé

Messali hadj a vecu a tlemcen, ancienne capitale maghrebine. Issu d'une famille modeste, d'origine koulougli, affiliee aux derqaoua, messali frequente l'ecole de facon intermittente, car il doit travailler. Sa jeunesse est perturbee par le renforcement du regime colonial, la conquete du maroc, la conscription entrainant ''l'exode de tlemcen'' et les guerres contre les ottomans. Mobilise, en 1917 a bordeaux, marque par la guerre et ses bouleversements, messali refuse le code de l'indigenat, s'interesse a la revolution russe, au congres de bakou, aux victoires de mustapha kemal, allie de lenine. Demobilise, messali retourne a tlemcen, qu'il quittera pour paris. Il travaille, se marie, adhere au pcf et a l'etoile nord africaine, qu'il dirigera. Apres le congres de bruxelles (1927), il quitte le pcf et refonde l'etoile sur un programme liant question nationale, question sociale et unite maghrebine. Emprisonne puis refugie a geneve, il soutient le front populaire mais combat son projet violette et le congres musulman. L'etoile interdite, messali allie de la gauche revolutionnaire, fonde le ppa (1937),. Emprisonne, messali refusera vichy puis la politique gaulliste. Il soutiendra le ''manifeste'' d'abbas et les aml ou le ppa developpe un mouvement national qui sera ecrase en mai 1945. Libere, messali fonde le mtld qui triomphe aux elections (1947). Mais il est confronte a des crises l'opposant au comite central, maitre du parti en avril 1953. Son appel pour un ''congres algerien'', ouvre le conflit avec messali, deporte a niort, qui, avec un comite de salut public, reconstruit le mtld au congres

Messali hadj lived in tlemcen, a former maghrebi capital. . From a modest family background, of koulougli origin, affiliated to the derqaouas, messali went to school sporadically, because he was obliged to work. The strengthening of the colonialist regime, the conquest of morocco, circumscription and the ''exodus of tlemcen'', the ottoman wars were all perturbing events in his childhood. Enlisted in 1917 in bordeaux, messali was profoundly marked by war and its upheavals. He rejected the code of indigenity and took an interest in the russian revolution, the bakou congress and the victories of mustapha kemal, lenin's ally. After demobilisation, messali returned to tlemcen before moving to paris. There, he found work, married and joined the french communist party and the north african 'etoile', which he later became leader of. Following the brussels congress (1927), he left the fcp and founded the 'etoile' again with a programme allying domestic issues, social issues and maghrebi unity. He was imprisoned and subsequently sought safe haven in geneva where he supported the popular front whilst defending his viollette plan and the muslim congress. The 'etoile' having been banned, messali founded the ppa (1937), in alliance with the revolutionary left-wing.