La quête d'identité d'un intellectuel italien entre fascisme et après-fascisme : écriture d'essai et écriture de fiction chez Guido Morselli (1912-1973)

The quest for identity of an italian intellectual between fascism and post-fascism : Essay and fiction of guido morselli (1978-1973)

• Auteur / Autrice : Dominique Vittoz
• Direction : Gilbert Bosetti
• Type : Thèse de doctorat
• Discipline(s) : Études italiennes
• Date : Soutenance en 1995
• Etablissement(s) : Université Stendhal (Grenoble ; 1970-2015)

Mots clés

Mots clés contrôlés

Critique et interprétation

Morselli, Guido (1912-1973)

Mots clés libres

Etudes italiennes

Litterature du 20e siecle

Identite

Morselli guido

Ideologie

Fascisme

Autobiographie

Marginalite

Journalisme

Italie

Résumé

Au milieu des annees soixante-dix, guide morselli (1912-1973) est devenu un cas litteraire en italie quand, apres son suicide, a la maison d'edition adelphi publia posthumes sept de ses romans et un essai. Se son vivant, cet honnete homme retire a varese (lombardie) avait systematiquement essuye des refus de publication. Et les deux essais qu'il publia a compte d'auteur, en 1943 et 1947 ne susciterent presque aucun echo. Notre hypothese est que les facteurs ideologiques ont joue un role important dans l'echec de cet intellectuel. D'abord pendant ses annees de formation qui coinciderent avec l'affirmation du regime fasciste, et ensuite dans l'italie de l'apres-fascisme ou il devint un marginal, au plan professionnel comme au plan personnel. Entre fascisme et apres-fascisme, l'experience de la guerre que guido morselli vit en calabre apparait comme un temps de suspension et de desenchantement qui correspond aussi a ses premieres tentatives d'ecriture romanesque. La reaction de rejet qui a ete celle de la culture italienne de l'apres-fascisme a son egard pourrait s'expliquer par son positionnement singulier-ni totale defiance ni adhesion pleine et entiere - par rapport d'une part a l'heritage ideologique du fascisme que l'italie d'apres 1973 voudrait occulter et, d'autre part, a l'utopie communiste fortement enracinee dans cette meme italie. Son travail d'intellectuel presque clandestin est ainsi le moyen d'une quete existentielle ou, marquee au sceau de l'autobiographisme, l'ecriture sert de mediation entre soi et les autres, entre l'individu et la collectivite, entre les idees et le monde concret. On le connait surtout comme un romancier. Notre etude, en particulier de ses inedits, souligne combien pour morselli le roman est en fait l'essai continue par d'autres moyens.

In the middle of the 70's guido morselli emerged unexpectelly as a literary figure in italy, when after his suicide the publishing house adelphi published seven of his novels and essays posthumously. During his lifetime, this modest man who had chosen to live as a recluse had come up against systematic refusal to have his work published. Moreover, the two essays he published at his own expense between 1943 and 1947 stirred hardly and interest. Our hypothesis is that ideological factors played a major played a major role in his failure to be recognized. Those factors influenced his early education which coincided with the confirmation of the fascit regime and later with a postfascist italy which put him on to the fringe both professionally and personnaly. Between fascism and post-fascism the war period experienced by guido morselli in calabria appears to be a moment of immobility characterized by a certain desenchantement which correspond to his first attemps at novel-writing. The rejection to which he wa subjected by post fascist italy can be explained by his unusual position - neither completly for nor complety against - with regard to, on the one hand, an ideological heritage of fascism which italy after 1943 try to eradicate, and on the other hand a communist utopia deeply rooted in the same italy. His quasi clandestine intellectual activity of writing serves as a means to an existential quest characterized by autobiographical references. His writing can be seen as a mediation between self and others, between the individual and society, between concepts and the material world. He is known above all as a novelist. Our study particularly of his unpublished works emphasizes to what extend the novel was for morselli, the continuation of an essay trhough other means.