L'enseignement technique à Marseille de 1815 aux années 1960

Vocational education in marseilles from 1815 to the 1960s

• Auteur / Autrice : Denis Barroero
• Direction : Gérard Chastagnaret
• Type : Thèse de doctorat
• Discipline(s) : Lettres et sciences humaines
• Date : Soutenance en 1995
• Etablissement(s) : Aix-Marseille 1

Mots clés

Mots clés contrôlés

France

Enseignement technique

Résumé

Premiere etude regionale consacree a l'histoire meconnue de l'enseignement technique en france, ce travail epouse la chronologie de l'extension locale des formations dites ''de base'' pour tenter d'affiner, a travers le cas marseillais, les rares analyses generales actuellement disponibles. Dans une premiere phase, de 1815 a 1880, le developpement economique de la ville ne s'accompagne pas d'un veritable mouvement en faveur de l'enseignement technique. A de rares exceptions pres, celui-ci, abandonne aux oeuvres confessionnelles de bienfaisance, se degage mal de l'assistanat. A partir de 1880, la municipalite s'inscrit dans la dynamique scolaire de la republique en ouvrant plusieurs etablissements publics tandis que les associations multiplient les cours techniques du soir. Apres 1919, si le niveau moyen s'affirme en adoptant des principes pedagogiques normatifs, l'obligation des cours professionnels a destination des apprentis voulue par la loi astier n'est que partiellement suivie d'effet. La creation des centres d'apprentissage a la liberation etend considerablement la scolarisation de l'apprentissage mais revele bientot des problemes d'insertion professionnelle accentues ensuite par les reformes scolaires de la ve republique et l'acceleration de la spirale ascensionnelle des formations techniques. L'extension progressive de l'enseignement technique a marseille demontre d'abord le role essentiel joue par l'etat au detriment des acteurs locaux, patronat, syndicats ouvriers et associations, contraints de se situer dans son sillage. Cependant, sur un marche local de l'emploi oriente durablement vers le recours a une main-d'oeuvre immigree peu qualifiee, l'enjeu economique fut relativement negligeable.

This is the first local survey dedicated to the unknown history of vocational education in france. It is following the chronology of ''basic'' forms of training so as to sharpen the few broad studies available at the present time. In the early stage, from 1815 to 1880, the economic development of the town was not accompanied by a real move towards vocational education. More often than not, the latter, left in the care of charity, could hardly be dissociated from assistantship. As early as 1880, the town participated in the development of the schools in the republic by opening several state schools, while associations offered a large number of vocational evening classes. After 1919, though the intermediate level became more consistant by adopting prescriptive pedagogical principles, the requirement for professional courses meant for apprentices according to the astier act, was but partially enforced. After the liberation, apprenticeship centres were created thus extending apprenticeship schooling. Problems arose with professional employment opportunities and became more serious due to the school reforms of the 5th republic and the accelerated climbing spiral of vocational training. The gradual expansion of vocational education in marseilles showed the major part played by the state to the detriment of local partners such as employers, trade unions and associations, who were compelled to follow its policy. Yet, the economic stake in the local employment market orientated towards a lowly-qualified immigrand workforce, was relatively.