Thèse soutenue

Éprouver, rapporter et convaincre : une étude du compte-rendu expérimental à l'époque moderne
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Auteur / Autrice : Christian Licoppe
Direction : Dominique Pestre
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Épistémologie
Date : Soutenance en 1994
Etablissement(s) : Paris 7

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Résumé

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This work, based on a large sample of experimental accounts from the modern period, snows the appearance of three types of proof in chronological sequence 1)the curious proof with its emphasis on sense-data and spectacle 2) the proof based on the utility of phenomena and its emphasis on replication outside the laboratory 3) the exact proof, appearing in France at the end of the eighteenth century which posits universal laws built on precise measurements. Each argumentative strategy is related to the complex space which provides it with meaning and efficiency, that is : the rhetorical conventions governing the experimental account, the emphasis on witnessing and for replication in the production of robust empirical matter-of-facts, the organization of the community of practitioners and of learned audiences, the ways natural philosophy was inscribed in society at large, and its dependence on sovereign powers.