Thèse soutenue

Classes zoologiques et modes de classement des animaux en Grèce d'Homère à Elien

FR  |  
EN
Auteur / Autrice : Arnaud Zucker
Direction : Marcel Detienne
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Sciences religieuses
Date : Soutenance en 1994
Etablissement(s) : Paris, EPHE
Partenaire(s) de recherche : autre partenaire : École pratique des hautes études (Paris). Section des sciences religieuses

Mots clés

FR

Mots clés contrôlés

Résumé

FR  |  
EN

This work deals with the Greek zoological classes and the classification criteria which are used, implicitly or explicitly, in Greek literature from homer to Aelian, in technical and methodical texts as well as in non zoological texts. This thesis is divided into three main parts: the first one consists of a thematic and encyclopaedic lexicon of all the zoological supra-generic categories which are named in the Greek language. The second part proposes and historical analysis of the various clusters of animals appearing in the texts before Aristotle, in the Aristotelian corpus, and after Aristotle, and is mainly focused on the classifications mentioned and used in the biological treatises of the stagirit. The third part emphasizes the concordance and the differences between the theoretical classifications and the folk taxonomy of animals. This study reveal, beyond the permanence of the classification criteria (physical, topographical, morphological), the diversity of the classification glossary. There is not only a lack of taxonomic purpose but clearly an absence of a single and conventional classification scheme. Moreover, the choice of the zoological categories is always dependent of the objective outlook of the authors and is relative to their own theoretical field. Closely connected to the process of qualification of the animal species, and to the formalization of the zoological knowledge, the classification activity does never overlook the inter-specific differences which are, indeed, the central interest of the Greek zoology.