Mutation économique et trajectoires technologiques des PMI : l'exemple des industries de la construction

Economic change and smb's technological trajectories : the case of building industries

• Auteur / Autrice : CALIXTE YOUALE
• Direction : René Passet
• Type : Thèse de doctorat
• Discipline(s) : Sciences économiques
• Date : Soutenance en 1992
• Etablissement(s) : Paris 1

Résumé

La derniere decennie a vue se multiplier des etudes tendant a montrer le dynamique des pmi en matiere de creation d'emplois et d'innovation technologique. Pourtant, on sait combien ce type d'entreprise etait meprise avant la ''crise'', au point d'etre voue a deux avenirs possibles : croitre ou disparaitre. Seule la grande entreprise etait consideree et gigantisme et concentration etaient synonymes d'efficacite. Pourquoi ce dynamique qui a provoque la volte-face des considerations ? l'hypothese formulee ici repose sur l'idee que depuis quinze ans, nous subissons non pas une crise, mais une double mutation de l'offre et de la demande des biens et services qui ouvre aux pmi des perspectives que leur interdisait la logique tayloro-fordienne de production et de consommation de masse. Dans leur dynamisme, l'aspect innovation des pme parait particulierement interessant, compte-tenu de leurs moyens limites. Il laisse supposer en effet des modes originaux d'acces a la technologie qu'il est necessaire de connaitre.

In the last decade, many studies have been showing the smb's dynamism in jobs creation and technological innovation. However, this type of firm was so neglected before ''economic crisis'' that they were condamned to grow up or to desappear. Attention was paid only to the large firm and gigantism and concentration were mixed up with efficiency. Why this dynamism which forced the general opinion to retract itself ? the hypothesis issued here is based on the idea that we have been living for the last fithteen years, not in an economic crisis but in an offer and demand mutation which opens to the smb the opportunities that were not possible with the mass production and consumption logic established by taylor and ford. Because of their restricted resources, the question of innovation seems to be particularly important in the analysis of that smb's dynamism. This supposes, indeed, the original ways to access to technology which need to be known.