Aux origines de l'emigration nord-africaine en france : itineraire social et culturel d'une communaute ouvriere, 1900-1939

To the origins of north african immigration in france: a social and cultural getting on of a workers' community (1900-1939)

• Auteur / Autrice : Chokri Ben Fradj
• Direction : Claude Liauzu
• Type : Thèse de doctorat
• Discipline(s) : HISTOIRE
• Date : Soutenance en 1990
• Etablissement(s) : Paris 7

Résumé

Il s'agit d'un essai de reconstitution, d'analyse et d'interpretation de l'univers social et culturel de l'emigration nord-africaine en france, dans les annees 1900-1939. Trois grandes idees se degagent: 1) le deracinement: ne de la separation avec l'univers d'origine, il se prolonge en france du fait de l'extreme mobilite geographique et professionnelle et des dechirements psychiques lies a l'exil. 2) l'exclusion: deja victimes (au maghreb) de l'oppression coloniale, les emigres subiront, en france, une exclusion sociale (favorisee par leur illetrisme, leur non qualification, leur difference culturelle) nourrissant racisme, xenophobie, reflexes repressifs, arbitraire et paternalisme. 3) l'integration: elle est limitee et fragile mais reelle: les emigres decouvrent le travail industriel, le monde ouvrier, les luttes sociales et politiques (auxquelles ils participent). Ils s'ouvrent a une certaine modernite (habits europeens, unions mixtes, cours de francais. . . ) mais leurs references restent, traditionnellement, religieuses et nationalistes. L'ensemble est donc contradictoire et complexe.

The subjet deals with an essay of reconstitution, analysis and interpretation of the social and cultural universe of north african immigration, between 1900 and 1939, in france. Two main ideas come out: 1. The immigrant's uprooting. By the mere fact of the extreme geographical and and professional mobolity and psychological tearing, linked to the exile, the uprooting which was the result of the separation with the immigrants' own universe, is still going on in france. 2. The exclusion. Being already victims of colonial oppression in their own countries, the immigrants will have to undergo, in france, a social exclusion (favoured by their illistrism, their lack of qualification and cultural difference), currying racism, xenophobia, repressive actions, arbitrary and paternalism. 3. The integration. It is limited and fragile but real. The immigrants find out the the industrial work with its worker's world the social and political struggles (in which they take part). The are ready to accept a certain modernity (in their european clothes, mixed unnions, french courses etc. . . ), but their references still remain traditionally religious and nationalist. It thus, makes the whole, contradictory and complex.