L'ambiguite de distinction entre les services publics administratifs et les services publics industriels et commerciaux

The ambiguity of the distinction between administrative public services and industrial and commercial public services

• Auteur / Autrice : Egide Gouguia
• Direction : Jacques Mabileau
• Type : Thèse de doctorat
• Discipline(s) : DROIT PUBLIC
• Date : Soutenance en 1990
• Etablissement(s) : Caen

Résumé

Le 22 janvier 1921, dans le celebre arret societe commerciale de l'ouest africain dit ''bac d'eloka'', le tribunal des conflits brisait l'unite de la notion de service public, en soumettant au droit prive toute une categorie de services publics. Cependant, il ne donnait aucune definition sure de ces nouveaux services, aucun critere propre a les distinguer des services traditionnels. La distinction du service public administratif et du service public industriel et commercial, en touchant a presque toutes les matieres du droit administratif, met en cause des notions particulierement delicates et imprecises concernant notamment la situation du personnel et des usagers du service. Elle n'a guere provoque de solutions doctrinales ou jurisprudentielles definitives et la confusion regne quelque peu. Visiblement les juristes se sont heurtes a de serieux obstacles quand ils ont cherche a ''classer'' la notion si speciale, si originale, de service public industriel et commercial, et leur oeuvre n'apparait pas comme solidement assise. A cet egard, un regard d'ensemble jete sur la jurisprudence de ces dernieres annees fait apparaitre aisement une totale confusion dans les criteres de la distinction ''services publics administratifs, servises publics industriels et commerciaux''. C'est ce que nous avions voulu montrer dans un premier temps en nous efforcant de faire le point. Mais nous avions essaye de montrer dans un second temps, l'incertitude du regime juridique applicable a ces services en nous attachant a degager la veritable signification de la categorie des services publics industriels et commerciaux qui demain vont purement et simplement s'integrer dans les services publics traditionnels soumis a un meme regime administratif.

On january 22, 1921, in the famous judgement west african commercial society, otherwise known as ''eloka ferry'', the conflicts court broke the unity of the notion of public service by submitting to private law a whole category of public services. However, it gave no sure definition of the new services, no proper criterion to distinguish them from the traditionnal services. The distinction between the administrative public service and the industrial and commercial public service, regarding almost all matter in administrative law, particarly delicate and imprecise notions particularly concerning the situation of the staff and the users of this service. It has not brought final doctrinal or jurisprudential solutions and there is some confusion. Apparently the jurists came up against serious obstacles they tried to ''classify'' this notion, which is so special, so original, that of industrial and commercial public service, an their work doesn't seem to be firmly established. Considering this, a glance at jurisprudence in recent years shows a great confusion in the distinguishing criteria between ''administrative public services, and industrial and commercial public services''. This is what we have wanted to show first, trying to take stock of the situation. But secondly, we have tried to show the uncertainly of the juridical system applicable to these services, paying particular attention to showing the real meaning of the type of industrial and commercial public services that will purely and simply be integrated in to the traditionnal public services submitted to a same administrative system.