Exil et creation dans la nouvelle et le roman latino-americains contemporains

Exile and creation in latin-american contemporary novels and short stories

• Auteur / Autrice : Sylvie Koller
• Direction : Claude Fell
• Type : Thèse de doctorat
• Discipline(s) : Études latino-américaines
• Date : Soutenance en 1988
• Etablissement(s) : Paris 3

Résumé

L'analyse critique d'une trentaine d'oeuvres -romans et nouvelles - d'ecrivains latino-americains abordant le theme de l'exil examine les rapports entre la creation litteraire et le deracinement. La periode choisie comprend les romanciers dits ''du boom'' et ceux qui leur sont immediatement posterieurs. L'etude comparative cerne la difference entre le temoignage vecu et l'elaboration litteraire du theme de l'exil, pour montrer comment les ecrivains depassent le realisme et la fidelite a l'histoire politique de la diaspora latino-americaine. Sont abordes successivement : l'utilisation d'archetypes litteraires lies a plusieurs formes de deracinement; la dimension culturelle des oeuvres, presente a travers les images multiples de l'amerique et de l'europe; l'exil comme source possible d'inspiration romanesque et la poetique de l'exil; la part de la tradition, de l'originalite et de la dimension critique chez les ecrivains etudies, par rapport a l'ensemble de la litterature latino-americaine contempo- raine; le traitement specifique de la langue espagnole dans une situation de marginalite linguistique. Enfin, l'etude de la dimension autobiographique etablit que le point de convergence entre toutes ces oeuvres est une reflexion sur la condition et le metier d'ecrivain, relancee et enrichie par l'experience du deracinement.

The critical analysis of about thirty literary works -both novels and short stories- by those latin-american writers who have written about exile aims at examining some of the relations between literary creation and uprooting. The chosen period includes those called ''boom-novelists'' and their immediate follo- wers. The work is founded on a comparative study and meant to differentiate the accounts based on facts from the literary elaboration of exile as a topic. Its purpose is to explain how and why the wirters go beyond realism and loyalty towards the political history of the latin-american diaspora. The main issues of this work are : the use of literary archetypes related with several ways of feeling uprooted; the cultural meaning of these books, reflected in many images of america and europe; exile as a possible source of inspiration and the poetics of exile; the importance of tradition, originality and critical purposes among the exiled writers, compared with their contemporary fellow-writers in latin america; the specific work on the spanish language in a situation of linguistic marginality. The analysis ends with the study of autobiographical processes, which leads to the following conclusion : the main common point between these books is a concern about being a writer and working as a writer, a question renewed and deepened by the very experience of uprooting.