Kurt Tucholsky : miroir d'une certaine Allemagne - 1907 à 1933

Kurt Tucholsky : mirror of a certain Germany - 1907-1933

• Auteur / Autrice : Manfred Eggert
• Direction : Pierre Angel
• Type : Thèse de doctorat
• Discipline(s) : Études germaniques
• Date : Soutenance en 1988
• Etablissement(s) : Tours

Mots clés

Mots clés contrôlés

Allemagne -- 1918-1933 (République de Weimar)

Tucholsky, Kurt (1890-1935)

Résumé

Ce travail, articule autour de trois themes - militarisme, justice, enseignement-, etudie a travers les oeuvres politiques de kurt tucholsky le combat pour ce que l'auteur appelle l'autre allemagne. - du militarisme qu'il denonce au pacifisme auquel il adhere de facon de plus en plus radicale a mesure que monte la menace de guerre, tucholsky ne cesse de se battre contre un systeme qui, selon lui, impregne toutes les valeurs allemandes. Il stigma- tise l'esprit et le role de la reichswehr hostile a la republique de weimar. - l'auteur s'indigne de la partialite des verdicts politiques, scandaleusement indulgents pour l'extreme droite militariste. Juriste averti, il reclame aussi des reformes de droit civil: divorce, ho- mosexualite, avortement, conditions de detention, peine de mort ou censure. - tucholsky s'en prend enfin au systeme d'enseignement. Il passe methodes et programmes au crible d'un ideal pedagogique. Rien ne trouve grace a ses yeux. Ni les ministres, ni les en- seignants, ni les eleves. Il reserve l'essentiel de ses critiques aux professeurs (lycees et universites) dont l'ideologie prepare une jeunesse revancharde, et aux etudiants dont l'esprit et les activites caracterisent une generation qui va faire le lit du nazisme. - ce travail remet au premier plan du combat politique un homme aujourd'hui a la fois celebre et meconnu en allemagne, generalement reduit a ses aspects de chansonnier et de satiriste de la societe. Tucholsky, cassandre inspiree de weimar, meritait ce renouveau.

This work is organized around three main themes, namely: militarism, justice and education. The struggle for what kurt tucholsky calls the other germany is studied through the author's political works. - from a militarism he attacks to a pacifism which he embra- ces with increasing enthusiasm as the threat of war becomes more likely, tucholsky keeps fighting a system which, he feels, has infiltrated every german value. He stigmatizes the spirit and the role of the reichswehr with its hostile attitude to the weimar republic. - the author feels indignation at the prejudiced political verdicts with their revolting le- niency for the militarist extreme right. An expert in law, he compaigns for a reform of civil law: divorce, abortion, homosexuality, conditions of detention, death penalty or cen- sorship. - tucholsky criticizes the educational system. Teaching methods and school curricula are assessed in the light of his own ideals. Ministers, teachers or pupils do not escape without a criticism. His best shafts are for teachers (high school or college) whose ideology prepares german youth for revenge, and for students whose mentality and acti- vities are typical of a generation that will be the hotbed of nazism. -this study empha- sizes the significance of the political struggle of a man who is at once famous and inad- equately recognized in germany. He is commonly reduced to the role of chansonnier or of satirist of society. As weimar's inspired cassandra tucholsky deserved such a revival of interest.