Aspects contemporains des rituels juifs liés à la naissance des garçons

• Auteur / Autrice : Patricia Hidiroglou
• Direction : Nicole Belmont
• Type : Thèse de doctorat
• Discipline(s) : Ethnologie
• Date : Soutenance en 1988
• Etablissement(s) : Paris, EHESS

Résumé

Nous presentons en cinq parties une etude des rituels juifs de naissance. Cette etude a ete realisee a partir d'enquetes dans la communaute juive parisienne (1984-1988). En premiere partie, nous detaillons les problemes qui se posent autour de la personne du peritomiste (mohel) : nature de sa formation, definition de l'etendue et des limitations de sa fonction, maniere dont il provient et la facon dont sa notoriete s'etablit. En seconde partie, nous decrivons les diverses sequences du rituel de la circoncision, les multiples preparatifs, la ceremonie elle-meme. Nous analysons le role du parrain, celui du pere et la place de la mere dans le rite. En troisieme partie nous confrontons l'aspect religieux de la circoncision, que les textes traditionnels presentent avec les representations que s'en font les familles interrogees, particulierement celles qui se disent laiques. En quatrieme partie, nous presentons le rituel du rachat du premierne, pratique symbolique dont nous analysons les fondements et degageons la finalite. En cinquieme partie, nous presentons et analysons le rituel de la mappa (lange de circoncision).

We are going to present in five parts, a study about the jewish birth rituals. This study is based on enquiries made in the jewish parisian comunity from 1984 to 1988. In the first part, the questions which can be asked about the peritomist (mohel) himself are detailed : the kind of training and education he received, the definition of the extent and limitations of his function, the way he performs and how he achieves his reputation. In the second part, the various sequences of the circumcision ritual, the multiple preparations for the ceremony, the ceremony itself are described. The godfather's (sandaq) function, the father's role and the mother's place in the rite are analyzed. In the third part, the religious aspects of circumcision, presented by the traditional texts are compared with the symbolical image the families interviewed have -especially the ones who consider themselves as non-religious. In the fourth part the ritual of the first-born redemption is expounded the fundations and finality of this symbolic practice are brought to light. In the fifth part, the ritual of the torah binder (mappa) is presented and analyzed.