Thèse soutenue

Caractérisation moléculaire et régulation de la force de puits de la plante parasite Phelipanche ramosa (L. ) Pomel vis à vis du saccharose prélevé chez son hôte

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Auteur / Autrice : Thomas Péron
Direction : Philippe SimierPhilippe Delavault
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Sciences agronomiques et écologiques. Biologie des organismes
Date : Soutenance en 2010
Etablissement(s) : Nantes
Ecole(s) doctorale(s) : École doctorale Végétal-Environnement-Nutrition-Agro-Alimentaire-Mer (Angers)
Partenaire(s) de recherche : autre partenaire : Université de Nantes. Faculté des sciences et des techniques

Résumé

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As a consequence of its incapacity to carry out photosynthesis, Phelipanche ramosa turns out to be fully dependent on the photosynthates from the host plant and due to its obligatory parasitic lifestyle this plant is responsible for considerable devastations. The development of broomrape relies on its capacity to establish connection with the phloem of the host and to become a competitive sink organ. In this context, the use of a phloem tracer demonstrated the existence of a symplasmic continuum at the host-parasite interface and, that the phloem unloading in various sinks tissues of P. Ramosa is mainly an apoplamic type. The main actors involve in transport (SUT = sucrose transporter) and sucrose metabolism (invertases and sucrose synthases) were identified. Using molecular approaches, immunolocalization, and in situ hybridization, we demonstrated the implication of some of these actors in major processes, such as the long-distance transport of sucrose and its unloading in sink organs (PrSUT1 and PrSUT3), hexose accumulation via a vacuolar acid invertase (PrSAI1), the tracheid differentiation and the starch synthesis via sucrose synthases (PrSUS1 and PrSUS2, respectively). Other markers, such as the isopenthenyl transferase PrIPT and the cytokinin oxidase PrCKX, would play a role in the hormonal balance of broomrape and would contribute to control its sink strength. All of these genes/proteins which are essential to the development of P. Ramosa are then putative good targets in biotechnological strategies to control broomrapes.