Etienne Cabet (1788-1856) : une propagande républicaine

Etienne Cabet (1788-1856) : republican propaganda

• Auteur / Autrice : François Fourn
• Direction : Philippe Vigier, Francis Démier
• Type : Thèse de doctorat
• Discipline(s) : Histoire
• Date : Soutenance en 1996
• Etablissement(s) : Paris 10

Résumé

Etienne cabet reve de continuer l'oeuvre de robespierre, non par la violence ou la terreur, mais par "l'instruction et la moralisation du peuple". Il adhere d'abord a la revolution de 1830, il ne se declare ouvertement republicain qu'apres les evenements de juin 1832. Il sollicite le soutien des ouvriers. En septembre 1833, il lance le populaire, il participe a toutes les grandes associations republicaines, sauf a la societe des droits de l'homme dont il desapprouv e les dispositions a l'action violente de certains des membres. Les lois du debut de 1834 aneantissent ses moyens d'acti on, de plus, une cour d'assises le condamne a deux ans de prison, il prefere l'exil. A londres, il se converti au communisme, il redige le voyage en icarie. Son projet, quand il rentre en france, en 1839, est de concilier son communisme avec le reformisme naissant. Il parvient assez bien a diffuser et a faire discuter ses idees dans tous les departements francais, grace a un reseau de disciples particulierement devoues, mais sa tentative pour se rapprocher des reformistes et des socialistes reste un echec. En mai 1847, il appelle les icariens a fuir le pays ou on les persecute. Il adhere a la revolution de fevrier 1848, mais il est tres vite decu. Ce n'est qu'apres les evenements de juin qu'il commence a etre reconnu comme un allie par les principaux courants democrates et socialistes. En 1851, il fonde le republicain populaire et social, le 2 decembre tout est fini. Il rejoint ses disciples en amerique, il tombe presque aussitot dans l'oubli.

Etienne cabet dreamt of continuing the works of robespierre, not with violence or terror, but by instruction and moralisation of the people. He adhered in the first time to revolution of 1830, he pronounced himself republican only after the events of june 1832. He sought the support of the workers. In september 1833, he created the populaire, he participated in all republican associations, except in "societe des droits de l'homme" which he disapproved the violence tendancies of some of its members. The legislation of the beginning of 1834 destoyed his means of action, fathe r more, a court of justice condamned him to two years in prison, he prefered exile. In london, he was converted to communism, he wrote his voyage en icarie. His intentions upon returning to france were to reconcile his communism with the developing of reformism. He was successful in spreading and discussing his ideas in all french departments with the help of a network of devoted disciples, but his attempt to join the "reformistes" and the "socialistes" failed. In may 1847, he called upon the "icariens" to flee the country that was persecuting them. He adhered to revolution of february 1848, but he was quickly disapointed. It is only after the events of june that he was recognize as an ally by the main democratic and socialist tendancies. In 1851, he founded the republicain populaire et social, on december 2nd a ll was over. He joined his disciples in america, and he was forgoten in france.