Thèse soutenue

FR
Auteur / Autrice : Arnaud Blouin
Direction : Jean-Michel BergheauEric Feulvarch
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Mécanique et ingénierie
Date : Soutenance en 2012
Etablissement(s) : Ecole nationale d'ingénieurs (Saint-Etienne ; 1961-....)

Résumé

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The integrity of a structure is confirmed when, for all the operating conditions, nominal or accidental, the structure is able to achieve its mechanical functions, during its whole life cycle. For the most sensitive components, the nuclear safety authority requires conventional defects such as cracks to be considered within the design phase in order to ensure that these structures are tolerant to large defects. This thesis contributes to the demonstration of the main coolant line integrity of the EPR, the latest generation of reactor developed by AREVA. This piping system is composed of different materials and dissimilar metal welds (DMW) are needed. To demonstrate the fracture resistance of those welds taking into account large defects is part of the design process, as well as its validation and the demonstration of the integrity. To reach this goal, a probabilistic model, handy for industrials, is used. The first interest of this model is that it is possible to determine its parameters with tests on laboratory specimens and apply it directly to a structure case in the brittle to ductile transition. For that purpose, two cracks are considered, one in the ferritic base metal pipe of the main coolant line and another one located at the DMW. First, fracture tests are performed on specimens to better understand the fracture resistance of the weld. Then, based on finite elements analyzes, fracture probability occurrence of the DMW is compared to the one of the ferritic pipe, also sensitive to cleavage because of its metallurgical structure. Finally, this comparison shows that, for an equivalent mechanical loading, the DMW has a much better fracture resistance than the base metal pipe.