Thèse soutenue

Contribution à l'obtention d'hybrides somatiques et à leur caractérisation chez Lycopersicon

FR
Auteur / Autrice : Régine Fritz-Coupat
Direction : Yvette Dattée
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Sciences biologiques
Date : Soutenance en 1989
Etablissement(s) : Paris 11

Mots clés

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Mots clés libres

Résumé

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In the first part of this thesis is described the characterization of plants issued from somatic hybridization between tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum> and Solanum pennellii protoplasts. The cytological, biochimical and molecular analysis performed, showed that these plants are diploid (2n = 24) as their parents, and expressed some nuclearly encoded traits from their parents. Chloroplastic and mitochondrial DNA restriction patterns indicate that their cytoplasm are identical to the tomato cytoplasm. The second part concerned the import of chloroplasts from Solanum nigrum (confering a resistance to the triazine), into the L. EscuLentum and the L. Peruvianum cytoplasms by somatic hybridization. A method for obtaining protoplasts able to divide, and subsequent regeneration of plants is described. Plants regenerated from s. Nigrum and L. Peruvianum protoplasts only were obtained. Somatic hybridization between L. EscuLentum and s. Nigrum, and L. Peruvianum and S. Nigrum were performed by proto­ piast electrofusion. Irradiation of S. Nigrum (350 or 1000 Gy) favoured asymetric hybridizations. All the plants regenerated from a fusion between L. EscuLentum and S. Nigrum have the S. Nigrum phenotype, and display triazine resistance. The plants regenerated from a fusion between L. Peruvianum and irradiated S. Nigrum have the L. Peruvianum phenotype. Triazine resistance tests will allow us to screen the plants having S. Nigrum chloroplasts.