Severe traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is considered a public health problem. ; Indeed, severe TBI causes significant cognitive, emotional and behavioral repercussions that impact the lives of these individuals, particularly their independence in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs). Individuals who have experienced severe TBI frequently return to live in their homes despite the severe difficulties associated with their condition, though the need for assistance to perform IADLs frequently persists. The objective of this thesis is to design, represent, formalize and implement a context-aware and adaptive structure of cognitive assistance. This assistance is created according to the general needs of individuals with severe TBI for IADL performance. The proposed assistance will promote their independence to perform IADL in a home environment. The design of this cognitive assistance technology involves an interdisciplinary collaboration between occupational therapy and computer science, to evolve from the assistance provided by the clinicians to a formal computer science formulation and implementation. This design is based on a participative design approach that mainly involves TBI residents of a smart alternative housing unit.A prototype of a cognitive orthotic for meal preparation (COOK) was created and deployed within an alternative housing unit. Implementation of this cognitive orthotic lifted the prohibition on use of a stove for meal preparation that had previously been place on their residents. By allowing these residents to cook independently, COOK has contributed to helping them become more independent in cooking and more confident in their ability to do so.