Thèse soutenue

Analyse moléculaire et fonctionnelle des protéines auxiliaires codées par le segment M du virus de la fièvre de la vallée du Rift : impact des protéines P14/NSm et P78/NSm-Gn sur la propagation du virus chez les hôtes mammifères et arthropodes

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Auteur / Autrice : Felix Kreher
Direction : Marie Flamand
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Virologie
Date : Soutenance en 2013
Etablissement(s) : Paris 7

Résumé

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Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an arbovirus endemic in Africa, which has an economic and; public health impact by affecting ruminants and humans. The viral genome is divided into three segments, L, M and S, in negative or ambisense polarity. The M segment encodes the two major structural glycoproteins, GN and Gc, and at least two additional proteins, P78/NSm-GN and P14/NSm which are non-essential for virus growth in vitro. We identified an additional 13 kDa protein, referred to as NSm', which corresponds to a N-terminally truncated form of P14/NSm. We further assessed the role of the NSm-related proteins on 1 RVFV propagation by comparing mutant viruses expressing various sets of the NSm related proteins to a rescued wild-type virus in experimentally infected mice and mosquitoes. Only the lack of P14/NSm and P13/NSm' proteins affected virulence drastically in the mouse model, identifying these proteins as the major virulence factor encoded by the M segment. These observations correlated with reduced growth of a P14/NSm and P13/NSm' KO mutant in murine macrophages. Additionally, P78/NSm-GN appeared as a major determinant of virus dissemination in infected mosquitoes and a mutant virus lacking P78/NSm-GN was found to show altered virus production during acute and persistent infection of mosquito cells. This study demonstrates the differential contribution of the NSm- related proteins to virus propagation in mammalian and arthropod hosts, the NSm/NSm' protes being essential for viral virulence in mice and the P78/NSm-GN glycoprotein conditioning virus spread in the mosquito vector.