Thèse soutenue

Diffusion multi-échelle de Pectine Méthylestérases dans différents systèmes pectiques : conséquences biochimiques et structurales

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Auteur / Autrice : Pauline Videcoq
Direction : Catherine GarnierEstelle Bonnin
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Physiologie. Biologie des organismes, populations, interactions
Date : Soutenance en 2011
Etablissement(s) : Nantes
Ecole(s) doctorale(s) : École doctorale Végétal-Environnement-Nutrition-Agro-Alimentaire-Mer (Angers)
Partenaire(s) de recherche : autre partenaire : Université de Nantes. Faculté des sciences et des techniques

Mots clés

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Résumé

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Pectins are plant cell wall polysaccharides and are commonly used in the food industry as gelling and stabilizing agents. Pectin methylesterases (PME) can alter pectin structure and transform their gelling properties in the presence of calcium. The action of PME in the presence of calcium can lead to a gelified system. Differences in the gelation kinetics can be observed according to the origin of the PME used. In this system, action of the enzyme leads to environment structuring which could thereafter affect the enzyme behavior. In order to grasp this phenomenon, PME’s action on pectin and their diffusion have been studied in different environments: unstructured medium (pectin solution), in process structuring medium (pectin-calcium mixture), and structured medium. The modes of action of plant and fungal PME have been studied by determining their catalytic parameters and by measuring pectins biochemical characteristics after the action of the two PME. The presence of calcium affects in a different way PME’s behavior according to their origin. Different macro- and microscopic techniques (Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy, Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching) have been used to characterize PME’s diffusion. The comparison between micro- and macroscopic scale showed differences in the diffusion behavior of the two PME towards the environment and their origins. These observations have been linked to activity and mode of action of PME according to the environment.