Thèse soutenue

Étude géophysique des marges conjuguées de l’Afrique de l’Est et d’Antarctique del’Est

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Auteur / Autrice : Volker Thor Leinweber
Direction : Heinrich MillerFrauke Kingelhoefer
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Géophysique
Date : Soutenance en 2011
Etablissement(s) : Brest en cotutelle avec Universität Bremen

Résumé

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The study deals with the relative movements between Africa and Antarctica in Middle Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous times using new data from four campaigns (2006-2010). Aeromagnetic measurements in the 5W Enderby Basin clearly image the continent-ocean-transition east of the Gunnerus Ridge. Spreading anomalies are absent, pointing to a formation of the oceanic crust during Cretaceous Normal superchron times. Velocity and density modelling of two wide-angle seismic profiles across the Central Mozambique continental margin reveal continental crust, thinning seawards by 50% over a distance of ~130 km. Farther south, oceanic crust is overlain by sediments with high P-wave velocities around 4. 8 km/s. An extensive lower crustal high-velocity-body has been found in both profiles. Identifications of magnetic spreading anomalies reveal that the COT is located closer to the coast than supposed so far. M41 n is interpreted as oldest existing spreading anomaly. New magnetic and gravity data across the Mozambique Ridge and the Northern Natal Valley and their similarity to potential field data on the Mozambique Coastal Plains point to a mainly oceanic nature from the plains south and two southward jumps of the spreading centre. The Astrid Ridge is subdivided by the Astrid Fracture Zone into a northern and a southern part with different magnetic signatures and is interpreted to consist of oceanic crust. The regional results were implemented into a new kinematic model between Africa and Antarctica, postulating a tight continental Gondwana fit, a two-stage breakup and a southward movement of the Grunehogna Craton east of the Mozambique Ridge during the second stage of breakup.