Thèse soutenue

Nouvelles voies thérapeutiques en transplantation : immunoprotection par les liquides de conservation d'organe et immunosuppression par les cellules souches mésenchymateuses

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Auteur / Autrice : Hélène Perrin
Direction : Emmanuel MorelonJean-François Nicolas
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Immunologie
Date : Soutenance en 2009
Etablissement(s) : Lyon 1

Mots clés

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Résumé

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The development of organ transplantation leads to the research of new strategies for the amelioration of graft preservation and immunosuppressive therapies. This work is based on two axes: i) immunoprotection by organ preservation solutions and ii) immunosuppression by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The use of new preservation solutions containing polyethylene glycol molecules (PEGs) is associated with a reduction of graft immunogenicity. We show that this effect is not due to an antigen masking effect, described for PEGs covalently bound to the cellular membrane. Lymphocyte incubation with PEGs does not affect their immunogenicity or their immune response in vitro. Our results suggest that the benefit of PEGs use is related to a better graft preservation rather than a direct effect on the allogenic response. The recent discovering of the immunosuppressive potential of MSCs causes a great interest for cell therapy. We have studied the MSCs immunoregulatory mechanisms in the cytotoxic response development in vivo, in the mouse model of contact hypersensitivity to dinitrofluorobenzene. We show that MSCs highly reduce the inflammatory response. This effect is not due to the inhibition of the antigen presentation, effector CD8+ T cells generation or migration of these cells into the skin. Instead, MSCs inhibited in situ CD8+ T cell production of interferon-, a key cytokine of the inflammatory response