Thèse soutenue

Développement d'une stratégie de radiosensibilisation par inhibition de l'expression de la proteine de choc thermique HSP27 dans un modèle cellulaire et préclinique de carcinome épidermoÏde de la tête et du cou

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Auteur / Autrice : Élie Hadchity
Direction : Claire Rodriguez-Lafrasse
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Biochimie
Date : Soutenance en 2009
Etablissement(s) : Lyon 1

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Résumé

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The overexpression of heat shock protein HSP27, observed in many types of cancers, is associated with tumor aggressiveness and thus poor prognosis. HSP27 presents a key role in tumorigenesis and, by interfering at different stages of the apoptotic process, is also involved in the resistance to anti-cancer treatments. Inhibition of its expression in combination with radiation treatment represents a potential therapeutic strategy. In the radioresistant SQ20B head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell line, we showed that the inhibition of HSP27 expression by antisense or RNA interference led to a sensitization of cells to gamma-irradiation. The mechanisms involved the activation of apoptotic and clonogenic cell death and the inhibition of the Akt survival pathway. Sensitization to irradiation was confirmed in two other radioresistant tumor cell lines, PC3 (prostate cancer) and U87 (glioblastoma). The preclinical validation of this new strategy has been carried out on nude mice bearing heterotopic xenografts of SQ20B cells. The intra-peritoneal injection of OGX-427 (antisense oligonucleotide targeting HSP27) combined with local tumor irradiation induced a significant decrease of tumor evolution, proportional to radiation dose (10 or 30 Gy), and enhanced the mice survival. Histological studies showed a high induction of apoptosis associated with a decrease of intratumoral glutathione levels as well as of angiogenesis. Treatment with OGX427, alone or combined with radiation, showed no apparent toxicity or damage of vital organs. These results suggest that HSP27 therapy may represent a potential adjuvant in the treatment of HNSCC cancers and other radioresistant tumors