Thèse soutenue

FR
Auteur / Autrice : Marco Fidaleo
Direction : Norbert LatruffeClaudia SartoriStéphane Mandard
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Biochimie. Biologie moléculaire et cellulaire
Date : Soutenance en 2008
Etablissement(s) : Dijon en cotutelle avec Università degli studi La Sapienza (Rome)

Résumé

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This thesis illustrates the effects of ciprofibrate and aspirin, which are widely used for their therapeutic properties and also known to induce peroxisome proliferation in rodents, on suckling and adult rats, respectively. Moreover, the same pharmacologic approach was used to highlight defects of thiolase B mutation in knock out mouse. Suckling rats fed by lactating-mothers treated with ciprofibrate showed a strong induction of peroxisomal beta-oxidation activity especially in liver, while catalase activity was weakly up-regulated, confirming a dilution of this enzyme activity, which, in turn, could lead to an oxidative stress. Furthermore, a perturbation on cell proliferation and apoptosis was observed exclusively in liver. So that, this imbalance and the oxidative stress produced by ciprofibrate in suckling rats may mediate the hepatocarcinogenesis, as observed in PP long term administration in adults rats. Treatment of adult rats with aspirin has demonstrated that this drug is able to produce, as expected, a slight induction of some peroxisomal enzymes both in liver and kidney, while no modification on cell proliferation or apoptosis neither during drug treatment nor after withdrawal was observed. The correlation between the peroxisome and cell proliferation is, at present, widely investigated and it is thought that the two phenomena are associated but not closely related. In the last part of this thesis, we studied the characterization of the thiolase B knoch out mouse. At first sight, thiolase B-/- mouse was viable, healthy, fertile and devoid of gross phenotypic defects under basal conditions. The pharmacologic treatment with WY14,643, which induces both expression of the thiolase B and peroxisome proliferation, highlighted some molecular alterations: in particular, it was shown by Affymetrix microarrays that the lack of thiolase B dysregulated the cholesterol biosinthesis, while PPAR alpha signaling was not affected. At physiological level, we did not observe any changes in hepatic cholesterol contents, while a significant increase of plasma triglicerides profile was observed in knoch out mice with respect to the wild type.