L'ecriture du paysage chez quatre poetes irlandais contemporains : patrick kavanagh, richard murphy, brendan kennelly et seamus heaney

The writing of landscape in the poetry of four contemporary irish poets : patrick kavanagh, richard murphy, brendan kennelly and seamus heaney

• Auteur / Autrice : Pascale Guibert
• Direction : Paul Volsik
• Type : Thèse de doctorat
• Discipline(s) : Études anglaises
• Date : Soutenance en 1997
• Etablissement(s) : Paris 7

Mots clés

Mots clés contrôlés

Dans la littérature

Paysage

Mots clés libres

Paysage dans la litterature

Résumé

Ce travail a une double ambition : a travers les poemes de quatre poetes irlandais - seamus heaney, patrick kavanagh, brendan kennelly et richard murphy - degager ce que leurs paysages expriment, afin de parvenir a determiner ce que le paysage, en tant que genre, tend a representer. Il n'a pas pour but de definir cette poesie, mais d'en eclairer un aspect - le travail du paysage - en vue d'une reflexion plus grande sur la place de l'ecriture dans la composition du paysage. C'est pourquoi nous ne recensons pas les paysages typiquement irlandais, mais tentons de penetrer en deca des elements depeints, afin de mettre en evidence comment ils le sont et dans quel but. Nous ne nous attardons pas a l'aspect visuel du lieu represente, ni a l'emplacement geographique de son site d'origine, mais determinons ce qu'un paysage particulier nous revele de l'idee de paysage, au sein de laquelle il s'inscrit. Quatre etapes jalonnent notre cheminement. Dans la premiere partie sont exposes les roles du poete au sein de la societe, puis de l'homme sur le paysage, tels que l'on peut les degager de representations d'etendues de pays. La seconde partie va, elle, a la recherche de la condition et des sentiments humains dont temoignent les formes paysageres. Approfondissant encore ce que les paysages revelent de l'homme, en tant qu'etre agissant et creant, nous precisons dans la troisieme partie le travail de cet homme tel qu'on le ressent exprime par des paysages, et souligne par leur ecriture. Nous remontons enfin jusqu'aux instants premiers de ce travail, eux aussi representes par certains paysages et leur poetique. On peut apprehender ceux-la comme une tentative d'explicitation - grace a des images renvoyant a l'exterieur - du principe de la creation artistique. Ainsi un paysage ne devrait-il pas etre considere comme une simple description de la nature, mais comme une manifestation de notre role de creation.

By the careful study of the poems of four irish poets - seamus heaney, patrick kavanagh, brendan kennelly and richard murphy - we try to specify what their landscapes express so that we can then determine what landscape, as a genre, actually represents. This is no presentation of their poetry since we focus on one of its aspects : what work is expressed through landscape. This leads us to concentrate more intently on the role of writing in the creation of landscape. Thus have we not made a list of the typically irish landscapes. We have tried to go beyond what is just depicted in order to show how and why this depiction was done. We do not so much consider either the visual aspect of the written place or its original geographic situation as what, as a particular landscape, it reveals about the idea of landscape, to which it gives a form. There are four stages to our progression towards what is seemingly expressed through a landscape. At first, the parts played by the poet in the building of society, and by man in the building of landscape are presented. These we have been able to define through the study of the way some exterior scenes were represented. In the second part, we try to determine which living conditions and human feelings are betrayed by such or such landscape. In the third part, we continue our search beyond the description of the exterior world and discover what a particular landscape reveals about man as a doer and as a creator. We then concentrate on his precise work, which we see expressed by some landscapes, and even stressed by the way they are written. We finally reach the very first moments of this work of creation, also represented by some landscapes and their writing. These landscapes can be considered as attempts at making explicit - thanks to images from the exterior world - the principle of artistic creation. So, a landscape should not be thought of as a mere description of nature but as an expression of our function as creators.